Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter and its 3 forms

A

a substance that has mass and occupies space.

solid- bones
liquid- blood
gas- oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atoms

A

the smallest particle that exhibits chemical properties of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

elements

A

112 elements in the periodic table. Elements (92 occurring naturally) make up all things. Divided into Major, Minor, and trace elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

subatomic particles

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What two subatomic particles determine the mass of an atom

A

protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two subatomic particles define the charge of an atom

A

electrons and protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but differ in the number of neutrons. Isotopes of an element exhibit essentially identical chemical characteristics but have different atomic masses. e.g. Carbon12, carbon13, carbon14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

radioisotopes

A

unstable forms of isotopes because their nuclei contain an excess # of neutrons. They are radioactive and release radiations as they decay into a more stable isotope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemical compounds

A

stable associations between two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio. Classified as either ionic compounds or or molecular compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

structures composed of ions that are held together in a lattice by electrostatic interactions called ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ion

A

an atom or a group of atoms with an electrical charge, either positive or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cations

A

atoms with positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anions

A

ions with negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antebrachial

A

forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

auricular

A

visible surfaces of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

major elements

A

oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
calcium
phosphorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

minor elements

A

sulfur, potassium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

valence shell

A

outer shell of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chemical stability

A

when an atom has a complete outer shell they are relatively inert and exhibit low reactivity- they do not combine with other elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

octet rule

A

the tendency for atoms to lose, gain, or share electrons to fill their outer shell and gain chemical stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chemical compounds

A

stable associations between two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ionic compounds

A

structures composed of ions that are held together in a lattice by electrostatic interactions called ionic bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ion

A

an atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge, either positive or negative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Types of bonds
Ionic: Transferringelectrons Covalent: sharing electrons become molecules
26
Metabolism
chemical processes happening within the body
27
Catabolic process
Tearing things down
28
Anabolic process
Building things up
29
Covalent bond
The sharing of electrons between atoms form a covalent bond. Covalently bonded atoms forms a molecule. Both atoms need electrons to be stable.
30
Molecular formula
number and types of atoms forming molecules e.g H2Co3 forms carbonic acid
31
structural formula
the molecular formula (number and types of atoms) plus their spacial arrangement within the molecule.
32
isomers
molecules composed of the same number and type of elements but arranged differently in space. e.g glucose, galactose, fructose
33
Types of Covalent Bonds
single: sharing one pair of electrons double: sharing two pairs of electrons triple: sharing 3 pairs of electrons
34
carbon skeleton
the arrangement of carbon atoms called the carbon backbone. 3 major arrangements: Straight, branched, ring
35
electronegativity
how atoms share electrons determines the attraction the atom has for electrons
36
nonpolar covalent bond
two atoms of the same type that share electrons equally. e.g two hydrogens
37
polar covalent bond
Type of bond where electrons are shared unequally resulting in a negative charge on one end and a positive charge on the other end.
38
non polar molecules
contain primarily nonpolar covalent bonds between atoms
39
amphipathic molecules
molecules that contain polar and non polar components. e.g phospholipid
40
intramolecular interactions
bonds, connections, etc that happen within a large molecule.
41
Organic molecules
molecules that contain carbon andhydrogenwhich are or have been components of living organisms
42
inorganic molecules
all other molecules that don't have carbon. e.g water, acids, bases
43
4 primary organic macromolecules
lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
44
water in the body functions in 4 ways
1. transports 2. lubricates 3. cushions 4. excretes waste
45
cohesion
the attraction between water molecules
46
surface tension
inward pulling of cohesive forces at the surface of water
47
adhesion
attraction between water molecules and substance other that water
48
solvent
a liquid that dissolves solutes
49
hydrophilic
water loving polar molecules that dissolve within water
50
electrolytes
subsstances that dissolve and dissociate in water can readily conduct an electric current
51
buffer
a molecules or molecular compound that helps prevent pH changes if either acid or base or added
52
mixtures
mixtures are formed from the combining or mixing of two different substances
53
3 types of water mixtures
Suspension: mixture composed of particles that are larger than 1 mm (Sand in water or blood) Only remain mixed while in motion Colloid: mixture composed of smaller particles and remain mixed even while not in motion. (gelatin) scatters light but doesn't settle Solution: homogenous mixture of very small substances (soda, saltwater, simple syrup)
54
Mass/Volume
mass of solute per volume of solution (results from a blood test, like blood glucose levels)
55
Mass/volume percent
grams of solute per 100 ml of solution eg. IV solutions
56
molarity
measure of number of moles per liter of solution
57
molality
moles per kg of solvent
58
osmoles
reflects whether a substance dissolves, or dissolves and dissociates when placed into a solution
59
biological macromolecules
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
60
polymers
polymers are molecules that are made up of repeating subunits called monomers and each monomer is either identical or similar in chemical structure.
61
dimer
two monomers bonded together
62
4 classes of Lipids
Phospholipids Eicosanoids Trigycerides Steroids
63
Neutrons =
Atomic mass - protons

A&P 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions