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A&P 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

structure and form

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2
Q

Physiology

A

function of the parts

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3
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

examines structures unseen without aid

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4
Q

cytology

A

study of body cells and their internal structure

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5
Q

Gross anatomy

A

(Macroscopic)
studies structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the naked eye

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6
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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7
Q

systemic anatomy

A

studies anatomy of each functional body system
eg urinary system

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8
Q

regional anatomy

A

examines anatomy in a particular region
ie axillary region including lymphnodes,, blood vessels, nerves, muscles and tissues

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9
Q

surface anatomy

A

focuses on superficial anatomic markings and inner structure that relate to the skin covering them
ie pulse locations, node locations, where to perform CPR

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10
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

examines similarities and differences in in anatomy of different species

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11
Q

Embryology

A

discipline concerned with developmental changes from conception to birth

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12
Q

pathologic anatomy

A

anatomy changed by disease

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13
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

investigates relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by scanning procedures

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14
Q

cardiovascular physiology

A

examines functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

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15
Q

Neurophysiology

A

examines nerve impulses throughout the nervous systems

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16
Q

respiratory physiology

A

studies how respiratory gasses are exchanged between lungs and blood vessels

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17
Q

reproductive physiology

A

studies regulation of reproductive hormones and how they drive the reproduction cycle

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18
Q

pathophysiology

A

investigates relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury

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19
Q

Things that describe living things (5 things)

A

1.organization
2.metabolism
3.responsiveness
4.regulation
5.reproduction

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20
Q

Organization

A

Complex structure order

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21
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions in the human body

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22
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to detect and react to stimuli

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23
Q

regulation

A

the process of maintaining structures and function (Homeostasis)

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24
Q

reproduction

A

make new cells for growth

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25
Q

Levels of organization

A

Chemical (atoms and molecules) - Cellular (cells) - Tissue (epithelial and connective) - Organ(Small intestines)- Organ system (digestive system) - Organism(person)

simplest to most complex

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26
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle tissues, nervous tissue

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27
Q

11 Organ systems

A
  1. Integumentary: Hair, Skin, Nails
  2. Cardiovascular: Blood vessels and Heart
  3. Reproductive: hormones and sex cells
  4. Urinary: waste and blood filtering
  5. Respiratory: lungs and breathing- exchange of gasses
  6. Digestive: digests food, absorbs nutrients, expels waste
  7. Lymphatic: drains lymph fluid, fights infection
  8. Nervous : regulatory system that responds to stimuli
  9. Endocrine: glands and cells that regulate hormones, digestion, reproduction,
  10. Skeletal: support and protection- bones
  11. Muscle: movement
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28
Q

anatomic position

A

standing upright, palms facing anteriorly (out)

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29
Q

supine

A

lying down, facing upwards

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30
Q

section

A

cut or slice to expose internal anatomy

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31
Q

plane

A

imaginary flat surface running through the body

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32
Q

3 planes

A
  1. Coronal: frontal plane, divides body into front and back
  2. Transverse plane: cross sectional, divides body into top and bottom
  3. Mid Sagittal: divides body into left and right equal parts
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33
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front

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34
Q

posterior

A

toward the back

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35
Q

dorsal

A

back side of human body

36
Q

Ventral

A

belly side of human body

37
Q

Superior

A

closer to head

38
Q

Inferior

A

closer to feet

39
Q

Cranial

A

Toward Head

40
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the rear

41
Q

Rostral

A

Toward nose and mouth

42
Q

Medial

A

Midline of the body

43
Q

lateral

A

Away from midline of the body

44
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side

45
Q

deep

A

closer to the inside

46
Q

superficial

A

closer to the surface

47
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment to the trunk

48
Q

distal

A

farther away from the point of attachment to the trunk

49
Q

Major Bodily regions (7)

A
  1. Cephalic (head)
  2. Thoracic (chest)
  3. Abdominal
  4. Pelvic
  5. Cervical (neck)
  6. Upper Extremity
  7. Lower Extremity
50
Q

posterior aspect

A

Cranial Cavity and Vertebral canal

51
Q

ventral cavity

A

large, anteriorly placed cavity divided into Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

52
Q

serous membranes

A

a continuous layer of cells divided into 1. parietal layer (lines internal surface) and 2. Visceral (covers internal surface of the organs)

53
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions

A
  1. umbilical: middle region
  2. epigastric: superior to umbilical
  3. hypogastric: inferior or middle
  4. R and L hypochhondriac
  5. R and L Lumbar
  6. R and L Iliac
54
Q

homeostasis

A

organisms ability to remain at a steady state

55
Q

3 components of homeostasis

A
  1. receptor: detects change or stimuli (skin or hypothalamus)
  2. control center: interprets input and initiates change (Endocrine system, hypothalamus)
  3. effector: the structure to bring about change (blood vessels, sweat glands, muscles)
56
Q

negative feedback

A

movement in the opposite direction
(body fights fever and returns to homeostasis)

57
Q

positive feedback

A

body responds to stimuli by moving in the same direction
ie nursing mother, or birth process

58
Q

Cephalic region contains

A

Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Buccal
Oral
Mental

59
Q

Thoracic region contains

A

Axillary
Mammary
Pectoral
Sternal

60
Q

Pelvic region contains

A

Coxal
Inguinal
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal

61
Q

Upper extremity region contains

A

Deltoid
Brachial
Antecubital
Olecranal
Ante brachial
Carpal
Dorsum of the hand
Manus
Palmar
Digital

62
Q

Lower extremity region includes

A

Femoral
Patellar
Popliteal
Crural
Sural
Calcaneal
Plantar surface
Tarsal
Dorsum of the foot
Digital

63
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

64
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

65
Q

auricular

A

visible surfaces of the ear

66
Q

brachial

A

arm

67
Q

buccal

A

cheek

68
Q

calcaneal

A

heel of the foot

69
Q

coxal

A

hip

70
Q

crural

A

front of lower leg (shin)

71
Q

deltoid

A

shoulder

72
Q

hallux

A

great toe

73
Q

fibular

A

lateral aspect of the leg

74
Q

occipital

A

posterior aspect of the head

75
Q

olecranal

A

posterior aspect of the elbow

76
Q

Patellar

A

kneecap

77
Q

plantar

A

sole of the foot

78
Q

pollex

A

thumb

79
Q

popliteal

A

back of the knee

80
Q

radial

A

thumb side of the forearm

81
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

82
Q

sural

A

calf

83
Q

tarsal

A

proximal part of the foot and ankle

84
Q

tibial

A

medial aspect of leg

85
Q

ulnar

A

pinky side of the arm

A&P 1 (5 decks)

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