Chapter 4: Anermia: Diagnosis and Clinical Considerations

Question 1

What is the criterion used to make a diagnosis of anemia?

Answer 1

Decreased Hgb
Decreased Hct
Decreased RBC

Question 2

What are some causes of anemia?

Answer 2

dietary deficiency
decreased RBC production
Increased RBC destruction or loss

Question 3

What are the most common clinical signs of anemia

Answer 3

fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, and pallor

Question 4

what is the most commonly accepted method for measuring hgb?

Answer 4

conversion of hgb to cyanmethemoglobin, followed by spectrophotometric measurement

Question 5

how is hct measured on automated hematology instruments?

Answer 5

calculation MCV * RBC count

Question 6

What is characteristically found on a peripheral blood smear in the case of anemia?

Answer 6

Anisocytosis/poikilocytosis
Basophilic stippling, Howell-Jolly bodies, and papenheimer bodies
cabot rings and Heinz bodies

Question 7

What is the diagnostic value of the reticulocyte count in evaluation of anemia?

Answer 7

Determines responses and potential of the bone marrow

Question 8

When interpreting bone marrow aspirate smear what should be considered

Answer 8

the maturation of red and white blood cells
M:E ratio
Estimate of bone marrow activity

Question 9

Adult hgb for women

Answer 9

12-16%

Question 10

Adult hgb for men

Answer 10

14-18%

Question 11

Where is erythropoietin produced?

Answer 11

kidney

Question 12

ration of hgb to hct

Answer 12

1:3

Question 13

hct for women

Answer 13

42% +/- 5%

Question 14

hct for men

Answer 14

47% +/- 5%

Question 15

MCV =

Answer 15

HCT * 10 / RBC

Question 16

MCH =

Answer 16

HGB * 10/ RBC

Question 17

MCHC =

Answer 17

HGB * 100/ HCT

Question 18

Anemias can be classified as give fL and %

Answer 18

normocytic 80-100 fL and normochromic 32-36%
microcytic less than 80 fL and by-chromic less than 32%
macrocytic greater than 100 fL and norm chromic 32-36%

Question 19

Reticulocyte count normal

Answer 19

0.5-2%

Question 20

Macrocytic/normochromic possible causes

Answer 20

megaloblastic anemia

liver disease

Question 21

normocytic/normochromic possible causes

Answer 21

bone marrow failure, hemolytic anemia, leukemia

Question 22

microcytic/hypochromic possible causes

Answer 22

IDA, sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, lead poisoning