Chapter 3: The Red Blood Cell: Structure and Function

Question 1

What is not a crucial area of RBC survival and function?

Answer 1

Intravascular hemolysis

Question 2

Which abnormal RBC is not caused by a structural membrane defect?

Answer 2

Siderocyte

Question 3

What is the complete process necessary for normal hgb production?

Answer 3

iron delivery and supply
synthesis of protoporphyrins
and
globin synthesis

Question 4

What is the number and type of global chains in normal adult hgb?

Answer 4

two alpha and two non alpha chains

Question 5

what is the composition of normal adult hgb?

Answer 5

95-95% Hgb A
2-3% Hgb A2
1-2% Hgb F

Question 6

What cell is caused by iron accumulation?

Answer 6

Ringed sideroblast

Question 7

What are the abnormal hgbs that and unable to transport and delivery oxygen?

Answer 7

carboxyhemoglobin
methmoglobin
sulfhemoglobin

Question 8

What metabolic pathway generates 90% of the ATP needed by RBCs?

Answer 8

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Question 9

What steps occur in extravascular breakdown of senescent RBCs?

Answer 9

RES cells phagocytize red cells, iron is coupled to transferrin and returned to the marrow, globe is returned to amino acid pool, biliverdin is converted to bilirubin bilirubin is couples to albumin and transported to liver, bilirubin glucoronide is converted to urobilinogen and excreted

Question 10

What steps occurs in intravascular breakdown of senescent RBCs?

Answer 10

RBCs break down in lumen of vessel, the haptoglobin hemoglobin complex goes o the liver, unbound hemoglobin dimers are excreted through the kidney as hemosiderin, hgb, and methmoglobin, haptoglobin is broken down to be excreted as urobilinogen

Question 11

Transferrin

Answer 11

iron

Question 12

albumin

Answer 12

bilirubin

Question 13

ferric

Answer 13

iron

Question 14

hemopexin

Answer 14

metheme

Question 15

haptoglobin

Answer 15

hgb dimers

Question 16

Shift to the right

Answer 16

associated with anemias and hypoxia
Tensed state
deoxyhemoglobin
decreased pH
increased 2,3 DPG
increased P50
decreased affinity with O2
increased temperature
RBCs more efficient

Question 17

Shift to the left

Answer 17

Relaxed state
increased levels of abnormal hgbs
oxyhemoglobin
increased pH
decreased 2,3- DPG
decreased P50
increased affinity with O2
decreased temperature

Question 18

Morphological RBC Abnormality: cholesterol accumulation in the RBC membrane

Answer 18

Target Cells

Question 19

Morphological RBC Abnormality: abetalipoproteiemia with cholesterol accumulation

Answer 19

acanthocytes

Question 20

Morphological RBC Abnormality: decreased phosphorylated spectrum or altered spectrin

Answer 20

bite cells and spherocytes

Question 21

The RBC membrane is freely permeable to? Impermeable to?

Answer 21

water and anions

cations

Question 22

When the NA K pump is not functioning properly what happens?

Answer 22

The RBC can’t maintain its volume and water homeostasis

Question 23

What happens when calcium-calmodulin complexes form?

Answer 23

The calcium ATPase is activated, preventing excessive intracellular calcium buildup, which is deleterious to the RBC, resulting in shape changes and loss of deformabilty