Chapter 3: The Red Blood Cell: Structure and Function Flashcards
What is not a crucial area of RBC survival and function?
Intravascular hemolysis
Which abnormal RBC is not caused by a structural membrane defect?
Siderocyte
What is the complete process necessary for normal hgb production?
iron delivery and supply
synthesis of protoporphyrins
and
globin synthesis
What is the number and type of global chains in normal adult hgb?
two alpha and two non alpha chains
what is the composition of normal adult hgb?
95-95% Hgb A
2-3% Hgb A2
1-2% Hgb F
What cell is caused by iron accumulation?
Ringed sideroblast
What are the abnormal hgbs that and unable to transport and delivery oxygen?
carboxyhemoglobin
methmoglobin
sulfhemoglobin
What metabolic pathway generates 90% of the ATP needed by RBCs?
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
What steps occur in extravascular breakdown of senescent RBCs?
RES cells phagocytize red cells, iron is coupled to transferrin and returned to the marrow, globe is returned to amino acid pool, biliverdin is converted to bilirubin bilirubin is couples to albumin and transported to liver, bilirubin glucoronide is converted to urobilinogen and excreted
What steps occurs in intravascular breakdown of senescent RBCs?
RBCs break down in lumen of vessel, the haptoglobin hemoglobin complex goes o the liver, unbound hemoglobin dimers are excreted through the kidney as hemosiderin, hgb, and methmoglobin, haptoglobin is broken down to be excreted as urobilinogen
Transferrin
iron
albumin
bilirubin
ferric
iron
hemopexin
metheme
haptoglobin
hgb dimers
Shift to the right
associated with anemias and hypoxia Tensed state deoxyhemoglobin decreased pH increased 2,3 DPG increased P50 decreased affinity with O2 increased temperature RBCs more efficient
Shift to the left
Relaxed state increased levels of abnormal hgbs oxyhemoglobin increased pH decreased 2,3- DPG decreased P50 increased affinity with O2 decreased temperature
Morphological RBC Abnormality: cholesterol accumulation in the RBC membrane
Target Cells
Morphological RBC Abnormality: abetalipoproteiemia with cholesterol accumulation
acanthocytes
Morphological RBC Abnormality: decreased phosphorylated spectrum or altered spectrin
bite cells and spherocytes
The RBC membrane is freely permeable to? Impermeable to?
water and anions
cations
When the NA K pump is not functioning properly what happens?
The RBC can’t maintain its volume and water homeostasis
What happens when calcium-calmodulin complexes form?
The calcium ATPase is activated, preventing excessive intracellular calcium buildup, which is deleterious to the RBC, resulting in shape changes and loss of deformabilty
