Chapter 4-anatomy & Physiology

Question 0

Physiology

Answer 0

The science and study of the vital processes, mechanisms, and functions of an organ or system.

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the gross structure of the body and the interrelations of it’s parts.

Question 2

Kinesiology

Answer 2

The scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology and mechanics of body movement.

Question 3

Pathology

Answer 3

The study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

The internal balance of the body

Question 5

Disease

Answer 5

An abnormal and unhealthy state of all or part of the body wherein it is incapable of performing its normal function.

Question 6

Symptom

Answer 6

Subjective evidence if disease or bodily disorder.

Question 7

Sign (of disease)

Answer 7

An observable indication of disease or bodily disorder.

Question 8

Stress

Answer 8

Any physiological or physical condition which causes strain

Question 9

Adrenal glands

Answer 9

Situated at the top of each kidney, produce epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids.

Question 10

Atherosclerosis

Answer 10

Characterized by an accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls if the arteries.

Question 11

Pain

Answer 11

The result of stimulation of specialized nerve endings called nociceptors. It has a primarily protective function in that it warns if tissue damage or destruction somewhere in the body.

Question 12

Ischemia

Answer 12

A localized tissue anemia caused by obstruction of the inflow if blood.

Question 13

Bacteria

Answer 13

Minute, unicellular organisms exhibiting both plant and animal characteristics and are classified as either harmless or harmful.

Question 14

Virus

Answer 14

Any class of submicroscopic pathogenic agents that transmit disease

Question 15

Fungus

Answer 15

A diverse group of organisms potentially capable of causing disease that thrive or grow in wet or damp areas and live by absorbing nutrients from organic matter

Question 16

Parasite

Answer 16

An organism that can potentially cause disease that exists and functions at the expense of a host organism without contributing to the survival of the host

Question 17

Local infection

Answer 17

Invading organisms confined to a small area of the body

Question 18

Systemic infection

Answer 18

Invading organisms that have spread throughout the body

Question 19

Inflammation

Answer 19

A protective tissue response characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain.

Question 20

Fever

Answer 20

An elevated body temperature

Question 21

Scar

Answer 21

A dense fibrous tissue that forms as an injury, wound, burn, or sore heels.

Question 22

Wellness

Answer 22

A concept where people take personal responsibility for their own physical, emotional, mental and spiritual state of health.

Question 23

Pain-spasm-pain cycle

Answer 23

The body’s natural reflex reaction to tissue damage and pain is contraction of the muscles that surround the injury. The contracted muscles constrict the blood vessels and capillaries inhibiting bloodflow causing ischemia while the muscles are still contracting increasing the metabolic activity and requirement for energy. Oxygen and nutrients are burned and metabolic waste builds up leading to many repeated cycles often increasing in pain.