Chapter 4-anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Physiology
The science and study of the vital processes, mechanisms, and functions of an organ or system.
Anatomy
The study of the gross structure of the body and the interrelations of it’s parts.
Kinesiology
The scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology and mechanics of body movement.
Pathology
The study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease.
Homeostasis
The internal balance of the body
Disease
An abnormal and unhealthy state of all or part of the body wherein it is incapable of performing its normal function.
Symptom
Subjective evidence if disease or bodily disorder.
Sign (of disease)
An observable indication of disease or bodily disorder.
Stress
Any physiological or physical condition which causes strain
Adrenal glands
Situated at the top of each kidney, produce epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids.
Atherosclerosis
Characterized by an accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls if the arteries.
Pain
The result of stimulation of specialized nerve endings called nociceptors. It has a primarily protective function in that it warns if tissue damage or destruction somewhere in the body.
Ischemia
A localized tissue anemia caused by obstruction of the inflow if blood.
Bacteria
Minute, unicellular organisms exhibiting both plant and animal characteristics and are classified as either harmless or harmful.
Virus
Any class of submicroscopic pathogenic agents that transmit disease
Fungus
A diverse group of organisms potentially capable of causing disease that thrive or grow in wet or damp areas and live by absorbing nutrients from organic matter
Parasite
An organism that can potentially cause disease that exists and functions at the expense of a host organism without contributing to the survival of the host
Local infection
Invading organisms confined to a small area of the body
Systemic infection
Invading organisms that have spread throughout the body
Inflammation
A protective tissue response characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
Fever
An elevated body temperature
Scar
A dense fibrous tissue that forms as an injury, wound, burn, or sore heels.
Wellness
A concept where people take personal responsibility for their own physical, emotional, mental and spiritual state of health.
Pain-spasm-pain cycle
The body’s natural reflex reaction to tissue damage and pain is contraction of the muscles that surround the injury. The contracted muscles constrict the blood vessels and capillaries inhibiting bloodflow causing ischemia while the muscles are still contracting increasing the metabolic activity and requirement for energy. Oxygen and nutrients are burned and metabolic waste builds up leading to many repeated cycles often increasing in pain.
