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AP US History > Chapter 4 - America As A Growing Nation > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - America As A Growing Nation Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. John Marshall
A
  • Former Chief Justice of the u.s supreme court
  • Decision of Marbury vs Madison case
  • Legitimized Supreme Court ability to judge constitutionality acts of the president or Congress’s
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2
Q
  1. Marbury v. Madison
A
  • Established policy of judicial review

- Decision strengthened federal government not state

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3
Q
  1. “Strict” vs “Loose” construction
A
  • Strict ( legal philosophy that limits or restricts judicial interpretation )
  • Loose ( broad interpretation of a statue or document by a court )
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4
Q
  1. Louisiana Purchase
A
  • Jefferson bought land west from Napoleon ( France broke )

- Doubles U.S./ Control of Mississippi/ Preserve agrarian society for future generations

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5
Q
  1. Embargo Act of 1807 / Non-Intercourse Act
A
  • Cuts off all foreign trade to foreign counties ( Not Affective )
  • Aimed for respect from France and Britain an to stop impressment
  • Cuts of trade with only France and GB ( Still not very affective)
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6
Q
  1. War Hawks
A
  • Pro War

- Southern / Western congressmen

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7
Q
  1. Techumuseh and the Prophet
A
  • Attempted to organize a confederacy of all tribes east of the Mississippi
  • Defeated by William Henry “Battle of Tippercanoe”
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8
Q
  1. War of 1812
A
  • 2nd war of independence
  • Macon’s bill no. 2
  • Repeals restrictions to ( France or GB ) for inclusive trade
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9
Q
  1. Midnight Judges
A
  • Appointed by John Adams

- Life time appointments , “federalist in position of power”

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10
Q
  1. Treaty of Ghent
A
  • 1814 Christmas Eve
  • Ended war of 1812
  • Retained the prewar boarders of the United States
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11
Q
  1. Hartford Convention
A
  • New England Federalist Party met to discuss grievances concerning war 1812
  • Political problems arise from federal government increase in power
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12
Q
  1. “Era of Good Feelings”
A
  • Marked period that reflect a sense of national purpose
  • Desire of unity after war of 1812
  • Post War Nationalism
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13
Q
  1. American Romanticism / Knickerbockers
A
  • Focused on American ideals/ tradition/ unique characteristics
  • Literature (knickerbockers)
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14
Q
  1. Panic of 1819
A
  • 1st major economic crisis of U.S.
  • Farmers and planters face 30% economic drop in world agriculture/ farmers income decline/ could not pay debts owed stores and banks/ went bankrupt
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15
Q
  1. “Wildcat” banks
A
  • Banks charted under state law during non federal regulated state banking (1816-1864)
  • Free banking era
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16
Q
  1. Henry Clay and American banking system
A
  • Mercantilist system of national economic development advocated by Henry Clay ( John Quincy Adams )
  • National bank to manage nations financial system
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17
Q
  1. Cumberland Road
A
  • National road ( west Maryland to Illinois )

- 1st major highway in U.S. To be built by federal government

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18
Q
  1. Monroe Doctrine
A
  • 1823 declaration of president James Monroe
  • Western Hemisphere closed to further colonization or interference of European powers
  • Monroe pledged U.S. would not be involved with European struggles
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19
Q
  1. Corrupt Bargain
A
  • Andrew Jackson supporters accused John Quincy Adams Presidency connected to John Clay
  • Clay used influence as speaker of the house to elect Adams over Jackson in election 1824
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20
Q
  1. Spoils System
A
  • Awarding of public jobs to political supporters after and electoral victory
  • 1829 Andrew Jackson institutes system on national level
  • argues rotation of office holder was preferable to a permanent group of bureaucrats
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21
Q
  1. Alexis de Tocqueville
A
  • Traveled the U.S in 1831 returned with wealthy broader observations
  • Codified “Democracy in America”
  • Foreigner
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22
Q
  1. Democratic Party
A
  • One of the two major contemporary political party
  • Andrew Jackson ( south west )
  • opposed 2nd Bus
  • opposed high protective tariff
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23
Q
  1. Nullification Crisis
A
  • Sectional crisis during presidency of Andrew Jackson

- involved a confrontation between SC and the federal government

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24
Q
  1. Tariff of 1828
A
  • Protection tariff passed by the congress

- Protect industry in the northern U.S.

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25
Q
  1. Force Bill
A
  • Overrode SC efforts to nullify federal laws during nullification crisis
  • First law to explicitly deny that states had right to secede as well
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26
Q
  1. Indian Removal Act and The Trail of Tears
A
  • Law authorized president negotiation with Indian tribes in south
  • Removal to federal territory west of Mississippi
  • Forced removal of Cherokee ( journey )
27
Q
  1. Cherokee Nations v. Georgia
A
  • Cherokee fought for defense against against Indian removal act
  • John Marshall ruled that Cherokee had “an unquestionable right”
28
Q
  1. Worcester v. Georgia
A
  • Cherokee Indians entitled to federal protection from the actions
  • Which would infringe on the tribe’s sovereignty Jackson ignored
29
Q
  1. Bank War
A
  • Political struggle that developed over the issue recharge ring the 2nd (BUS)
  • During Jackson administration
29
Q
  1. Whigs
A
  • Political Faction to Political Party
  • Contested power against rival (Tories )
  • Constitutional monarchism opposition to absolute monarchy
30
Q
  1. Specie Circular
A
  • Issued by Andrew Jackson

- 1836 U.S. Presidential executive order in pursuant to the coinage act

31
Q
  1. Panic of 1837
A
  • Financial crisis in the U.S.
  • Pessimism abounded, major recession
  • profits/ prices/ wages went down, unemployment went up
32
Q
  1. Roger B. Taney
A
  • 5th Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme courts
33
Q
  1. Missouri Compromise
A
  • effort by congress to defuse the sectional an political rivalries triggered request of Missouri
  • permitted slavery in administered (evenly divided slave/no slave states) is
34
Q
  1. Tallmadge amendment
A
  • Bill requesting the Territory of Missouri to be admitted to the union as a free state
35
Q
  1. Manifest Destiny
A
  • Attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion
  • Helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico
36
Q
  1. Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
A
  • Popular campaign song of the Whig party

- Praises William Henry / John Tyler as denigrates Martin Van Buren

37
Q
  1. Lone Star Rebellion
A
  • Texas Declare its independence in 1836 by Sam Houston (commander in chief of Texas)
  • Forced Santa Anna to sign treaty in 1836 after Houston captured battle of San Jacinto
38
Q
  1. 49’s
A
  • California Gold Rush
  • Traces of gold in the foothills of Sierra Nevada
  • Major Immigration increase
39
Q
  1. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
A
  • officially entitled the treaty of peace/ friendship/ limits/ settlement
  • between U.S. and Mexican Republic
40
Q
  1. Gadsden Purchase
A
  • Treaty agreement between U.S. and Mexico
  • Finalized in 1854
  • U.S. bought 29,670 square miles of Mexico (Arizona, New Mexico)
41
Q
  1. Webster - Ashburton Treaty
A
  • 1852 resolving several border issues between U.S and British North American policies
  • Resolved the Aroostock war
42
Q
  1. Oregon Trail
A
  • Overland trail of more than two thousand miles

- Carrier led American settlers from the Midwest to new settlement In Oregon California and Utah

43
Q
  1. “54 40’ or fight”
A
  • 50 40’ line of latitude as the Oregon border

- Did not agree to 49’ by president Polk

44
Q
  1. Irish and German immigrants of 1840s (impact on U.S)
A
  • Created fear and hatred between Americans towards immigrants because of influx
  • Caused conflict between Irish and Germans later
45
Q
  1. Nativism
A
  • Protecting the I treat or native-born inhabitants against immigrants
  • Emphasis on traditional local customs
46
Q
  1. “Know Nothings” American Party
A
  • American political movement operated national basis during mid1850
  • Promised to purify American politics by limiting influence of immigrants
47
Q
  1. Market Revolution
A
  • Expansion of the market place that occurred in the nineteenth - Century
  • Prompted construction of new road and canals to collect distant communities together
48
Q
  1. Erie Canal
A
  • Canal in New York
  • On the Hudson River to Buffalo
  • Built to create a navigable water route from New York/ Atlantic Ocean/ Great Lakes
49
Q

134.. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin and interchangeable parts

A
  • Interchangeable parts developed into idea of muskets by Eli Whitney
  • The cotton gin revolutionized cotton industry and factory production of fabric
50
Q
  1. Iron Horse
A
  • Steam Locomotive (Train)
  • Switched horse powered transportation to machinery
  • Made travel faster and more sufficient
51
Q
  1. Second Great Awakening
A
  • 2nd Religious revival movement during the early 19th century in U.S.
  • Rise of membership among Baptists and Methodist
52
Q
  1. Charles G. Finned and the “burned over district”
A
  • Refer to the western and central regions of New York

- Religious revivals forming of new religious movements of 2nd Great Awakening

53
Q
  1. Joseph Smith and Brigham Young
A
  • Both prophets of the church

- Young (founder of Salt Lake City)

54
Q
  1. Utopian Communities
A
  • considered as a new age in human civilization

- Led by a leader of high religious and secularist moral ideals

55
Q
  1. Horace Mann
A
  • American Politician and education reformer
  • Devoted to promoting speedy modernization
  • founder for education
56
Q
  1. Dorothea Dix
A
  • American activist on behalf of the indigent insane

- Created first generation of American mental asylums

57
Q
  1. Cult of domesticity/ Separate spheres ideology
A
  • Cult of true womanhood view about woman in the 1800s
  • Belief that women should stay at home instead of working outside
    1. More religious then men 2. Purity (heart/mind/body) 3. Submit to their husbands 4. Stay at home
58
Q
  1. Seneca Falls convention
A
  • First woman’s rights convention

- Discussed the social civil and religious condition and rights of woman

59
Q
  1. Transcendentalism
A
  • American literary political and philosophical movement of the early 19th century
  • Centered around Ralph Waldo Emerson
60
Q
  1. Henry David Thoreau “On Civil Disobedience” and Walden
A
  • Resistance to civil government
  • Permits government to overrule atrophy of their conscience (duty to avoid injustice)
  • Motivated by slavery and Mexican-American war
61
Q
  1. Ralph Waldo Emerson “Self Reliance”
A
  • By Transcendentalism philosopher
  • Need for individual to avoid conformity and false consistency
  • Analysis the nature of “aboriginal self on which a universal may be grounded”
62
Q
  1. Temperance Movement
A
  • Social movement against consumption of alcoholic beverages

AP US History (5 decks)

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