Chapter 3 - American Revolution Flashcards
1
Q
- John Locke
A
- Philosopher of the French enlightenment
- Founding father of the Enlightenment
- “Life Liberty and Property”
2
Q
- Navigation Acts
A
- Series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and the colonies
- Salutary neglect
3
Q
- Salutary Neglect
A
- Avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England
4
Q
- Stamp Act Congress
A
- Historical event
- First unified meeting of American colonies o respond to British colonial policies
- Stamp act repealed
5
Q
- Sons of Liberty
A
- Organization of American colonists
- Secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonist
- To fight taxation of the British government
6
Q
- First and Second Continental
A
- Convention of delegates by the thirteen colonies
- Coercive Intolerable Acts
- Declaration of rights
- First Reconciliation
- Second Revolution
7
Q
- Olive Branch Petition
A
- By Charles Dickenson
- Negotiation about military conflict with King George III
8
Q
- Patriots and Loyalists
A
- Patriots ( younger/ poor working class family/ away from ports/ weak Anglican Church)
- Loyalist ( older/ conservative family/ rich aristocrat/ strong Anglican Church)
9
Q
- Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
A
- Urged for American independence
- Wrote directly an convincing (plain)
- Enspired by the enlightenment
10
Q
- continental Army
A
- Against Britain
- Army created by the colonial ruler and amerIca
11
Q
- Declaration of Independence
A
- Justification of independence for republican to Anglican
- Sovereignly important principle
- Approved by congress
12
Q
- Treaty of Paris
A
- Britain Recognized American independence
- Relinquished claims of land south of the great lakes and east of Mississippi
- Ended American Revolution and recognized independence
13
Q
- “Republican Motherhood”
A
- Attitude towards women roles in emerging America of the 20th century
- Patriot daughters should be raised to uphold ideas of republicanism
14
Q
- Articles of Confederation
A
- written document defining the structure of the government from 1781 to 1788
- Union was a confederation of equal states with no executive an limited powers existing mainly to foster a common defense
15
Q
- Northwest Ordinances (1785) and (1787)
A
-1787 Land act provided orderly settlement of territories ( Ohio/Indiana/Illinois/Michigan/Wisconsin ) also banned slavery
16
Q
- Shay’s Rebellion
A
- Dissident farmer uprising in western Massachusetts (many revolutionary veterans)
- Protest taxation policies of the eastern elites who controlled state government
17
Q
- Constitutional Convention
A
- Met in Philadelphia 1787
- Address problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation
18
Q
- Federalism
A
- Supporting of the constitution of 1787
- Created a strong central government
- Anti-Federalist (Feared central government would corrupt the nations Liberty)
19
Q
- Republicanism
A
- Believes a state without monarchy or prince that is governed by representatives of the people
20
Q
- Separation of Power
A
- An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies
21
Q
- Virginia Plan
A
- Drafted by James Madison
- Presented to Philadelphia Constitutional Convention
- 3-Branch government : (house in congress tied to population)
- Eclipse the voice of small states in the national government
22
Q
- New Jersey Plan
A
- Drafted by delegates of small states
- Retain confederation single-house congress (1 vote per state)
- Enhanced congressional powers to raise revenue, control commerce, make binding requisitions on the state
23
Q
- “Great Compromise”
A
- Connecticut Compromise
- Compromise of how each state would be represented in congress
- Important compromise of US constitution of 1787
24
Q
- Thee-Fifths Compromise
A
- Delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia
- Determine a state’s representation in the U.S. House of Representatives.
- The issue of how to count slaves split the delegates into two groups.
25
Q
- Enumerated Powers
A
- Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights.
26
Q
- Elastic / “Necessary and Proper” clause
A
- Granted Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers
27
Q
- Federalists
A
- Supporter of the constitution of 1787
- Created strong central government
28
Q
- Federalist Papers
A
- By James Madison
- urging citizens of New York to ratify the new US Constitution
29
Q
- Anti-Federalist
A
- Diverse coalition of people who oppose ratification of constitution
30
Q
- Bill of Rights
A
- First 10 amendments of the constitution ratified 1791
- Safeguard fundamental personal rights
31
Q
- Alexander Hamilton
A
- First secretary of the treasury
- Leader of federalist party and established the national bank
32
Q
- Bank of the United States
A
- Charted 1790
- Store national money for federal government
- Alexander Hamilton bank would provide stability to American economy (controversial)
- Many thought was not in the constitution
33
Q
- Whiskey Rebellion
A
- 1794 uprising by farmers in western Pennsylvania
- Response to enforcement of an unpopular exceeding tax on whiskey
34
Q
- Washington’s Farewell Address
A
- Warned against permanent foreign alliance
- Warned against political parties
- Public credit
- Religion and morality
35
Q
- French Revolution (impact on U.S.)
A
- 1789 initially welcomed by most Americans
- Abolished feudalism and established a constitutional monarchies
36
Q
- Federalist Party
A
- Developed after American Revolution
- Favored replacing the articles of confederation with the constitution
- Desired strong central government
37
Q
- Democratic Republicans
A
- First Republican Party
- Led by Thomas Jefferson
- states rights and strict to constitution
38
Q
- XYZ Affair
A
- 1797 incident American negotiations in France were rebuffed
- led U.S into and undeclared war that curtailed American trade with French West Indies
39
Q
- Alien Acts
A
- Threatened to damage democratic society
- illegal to say criticize government, violation of the rights to speech
40
Q
- Sedition Acts
A
- Law that prohibited any words or behavior that promote resistance to U.S. or help in the cause of its enemies
- Violated rights of speech
41
Q
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
A
- 1798 commanding the alien and sedition acts
- Resolutions tested the idea that state legislature judge the constitutionally of federal laws and nullify them
42
Q
- Revolutions in Haiti (Latin America)
A
- 1791 conflict involving diverse Haitian participants and armies from 3 European countries
- Haiti became a free independent nation in which former slaves were citizens
43
Q
- Revolution of 1800
A
- Election of Thomas Jefferson
- Ushered in a generator of democratic Republican Party
- Eventually demised Federalist Party
