Chapter 2 - American Expirements Flashcards
- John Smith
- “He who will not work shall not eat”
- English adventurer and colonist of Virginia
- Responsible for first stable and permanent colony in the Americas (Jamestown)
- John Rolfe
- Early English settler of America
- Credited with first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Virginia colonies
- Indentured Servant
- Labor system for the young and inexperienced
- Paid transatlantic passage in return of labor, also “promised” a freedom due
- Chattel Slavery
- Legalization of slaves as property (future generation of owned slaves children are owned by land owner)
- Approved by many European governments and monarchs
- Virginia House of Burgesses
- Representative government created by the Virginia company
- Approved of law and tax levy but council of England had veto rights
- Maryland Act of Toleration
- Act of Concerning Religion
- Law mandating religious tolerance of Christians in the Catholic territory of Maryland
- Headright System
- Guarantee of 50 acres in land when paid passage of immigration to New World colonies
- Prompted indentured servants and slavery to occupy plantations
- Chesapeake
- Region of Maryland and Virginia
- Distinguished of servants, cash crops, and, African slavery
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- Armed rebellion of Virginian settlers against rule of Governor William Berkeley
- Led by Nathaniel Bacon
- Virginia Company
Joint-Stock Company
- Business Enterprise
- Financial organization of English merchants in the colonization of North America
- Companies shared stock for rise in proportion of total investment
- Puritans and Separatists
Puritans - Dissenters from the Church of England. Genuine reformation. Emphasizes individual relationship with God.
Separatist - separation from an established church
- Mayflower Compact
- First democratic institution in English colonies
- Agreement of a religious tolerant and structural government (Democracy)
- “City Up On a Hill”
- American exceptional-ism
- Belief of a perfect and top prioritized colony
- John Winthrop claimed Massachusetts Bay
- Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Hutchinson - American religious liberal
Williams - American/English clergyman founder of Rhode Island colony
- Salem Witch Trials
- Belief of bewitching
- Majority of women tried for being a witch
- Defined female and social separation
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- First written constitution
- Quakers
- Religious Society of Friends
- Outcasts from the church
- Colonized in Pennsylvania ad founded by William Penn
- Religiously tolerant and developed friendly relations with Native American tribes
- Holy Experiment
- Quaker attempt to establish a religious tolerant community
- Establishment in Pennsylvania
- Mercantilism
- A system of political economy based on government regulation
- Navigation Act (Britain control of the colonial commerce)
- Anglicization
-To become of English character or name
- Stratification
- To arrange in a hierarchal order
- Hierarchical or vertical division of society according to rank
- Triangular Trade
- The Colombian Trade
- A three way oversea trade system of Europe (old world), America (new world), and Africa
- Metacom (King Phillip’s War)
- English expelled for interference in the Wampanoag’s tribe
- 1/5 of English towns destroyed by Native attacks
- The Great Awakening
- Avangelican revitalization that swept over Protestant Europe and British America colonies
- Permanent Impact on American Protestantism
- “Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God”
- Jonathan Edwards
- Sermon notes
- John Peter Zenger Trial
- German American printer and journalist of The New York Weekly Journal
- Put on trial due to publication of local governor criticism
- French and Indian War
- 7 Years War
- French colonies and Indian tribes against British colonies in the Americas
- Albany Plan of Union
- Proposal to create a first unified government for the 13 colonies
- Suggested by Benjamin Franklin
- Denied by colonists and Europeans
- Against French and Indians
- Pontiac’s Rebellion
- 1763 launched by a loose confederation of Native American tribes
- Dissatisfied by British postwar policies of the Great Lakes
- Proclamation of 1763
- Issued by King George III
- British acquisition of French territory in North America end of 7 years war
- Forbade colonization over border line along the Appalachian mountains
