Chapter 4: Altered Immunity Flashcards
immunity
the process by which the body recognizes foreign substances and neutralizes them to prevent damage
specificity
the immune cells seek out and destroy targeted foreign invaders
memory
the immune cells produce substances that remember and more easily destroy return offenders
immunology
the study of the structure and function of the immune system, immunity, induced sensitivity, and allergy
adaptive immunity
immune response that is stimulated when specialized cells come in contact with an antigen
antigen
a substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune response
lymphoid progenitor
precursor cell to natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes
myeloid progenitor
precursor to monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, and mast cells
T lymphocytes
mature and fully differentiate in the thymus; require contact with antigen to proliferate and differentiate into cytotoxic, helper, or suppressor T cells
suppressor T lymphocytes
limit/inhibit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
T cell receptor (TCR)
receptor unique to an antigen that is able to bind to that specific antigen and promote and specific immune response
B lymphocytes
develop in the bone marrow and migrate to peripherla lymphoid tissues when they are activated by an antigen to differentiate to plasma cells or become memory cells
B-cell receptor (BCR)
antigen-specific receptor on the plasma membrane of B cells
immunoglobulin (Ig)
globular proteins which are secreted antibodies that detect antigens
natural killer (NK) cells
large, granular lymphocytes that are active in innate immunity and kill infected or tumor cells
granulocytes
polymorphonuclear, phagocytic WBCs with granules
neutrophils
most common granulocyte that rapidly responds to bacterial infection and responds first in inflammatory response
eosinophils
protect against parasites
basophils
compliment mast cells and are important for allergic reactions
monocytes
large, mononuclear leukocytes that are immature until activated by an antigen
macrophage
mature monocyte that digest antigen-carrying cells and antigens
dendritic cells
mature dendritic cells take antigens to lymph nodes for B and T cell activation
langerhans cells
immature dendritic cells in the skin
lymph
liquid filtration product of extracellular fluid from tissues that is returned to blood