Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

The study of mechanisms of disease

Question 2

Pathology

Answer 2

The study of changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease

Question 3

Anatomy

Answer 3

The study of body structures

Question 4

Physiology

Answer 4

The study of body functions

Question 5

Disease

Answer 5

The functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems

Question 6

Syndrome

Answer 6

A condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern

Question 7

Pathogenesis

Answer 7

The origin and development of disease

Question 8

Risk factors

Answer 8

Vulnerablilities that increase the chances that disease may occur

Question 9

Etiology

Answer 9

Precise cause of disease

Question 10

Pathogen

Answer 10

Disease-causing microorganism

Question 11

Idiopathic

Answer 11

Describes a condition that does not have a clear cause

Question 12

Nosocomial

Answer 12

Describes disease that results from exposure to infection in a healthcare environment

Question 13

Iatrogenic

Answer 13

Describes a disease that result from medical treatment

Question 14

Clinical manifestations

Answer 14

The presenting signs and symptoms of a disease

Question 15

Signs

Answer 15

Objective manifestations that can be seen or measured

Question 16

Symptoms

Answer 16

Subjective indicators that are reported by the ill individual

Question 17

Precipitating factors

Answer 17

Triggers that lead to the onset of disease

Question 18

Local

Answer 18

Refers to manifestations that are found directly at the site of disease and are confined to that area

Question 19

Systemic

Answer 19

Refers to manifestations that present throughout the body and are not confined to one area

Question 20

Acute

Answer 20

Describes manifestations or illnesses that begin abruptly and last a few days to a few months

Question 21

Chronic

Answer 21

Describes manifestations or illnesses that develop gradually and generally last longer than 6 months

Question 22

Insidious

Answer 22

Gradual in onset

Question 23

Remissions

Answer 23

Symptom-free periods

Question 24

Exacerbations

Answer 24

Flaring of symptoms

Question 25

Subacute

Answer 25

Somewhere in duration and severity between acute and chronic

Question 26

Asymptomatic

Answer 26

The absence of any noticeable symptoms even though diagnostic tests indicate disease is present

Question 27

Diagnosis

Answer 27

Identifying a disease

Question 28

Prognosis

Answer 28

Prediction of how well an individual will proceed through the disease process

Question 29

Morbidity

Answer 29

Poor quality of life as a result of disease

Question 30

Mortality

Answer 30

Death

Question 31

Health

Answer 31

Perceived wholeness of body, mind, and spirit

Question 32

Illness

Answer 32

A state that results in suffering or distress

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

Dynamic balance in the body marked by the appropriate and effective responses to stimuli, keeping the body in a steady state

Question 34

Epidemiology

Answer 34

The study of disease in populations

Question 35

Incidence

Answer 35

The number of new disease cases within a certain time frame

Question 36

Prevalence

Answer 36

The number of total disease cases within a certain time frame

Question 37

Endemic

Answer 37

When incidence and prevalence are stable and predictable; when a disease remains in a population

Question 38

Epidemic

Answer 38

Dramatic increase in disease incidence in a population

Question 39

Pandemic

Answer 39

When an epidemic spreads across continents

Question 40

Primary prevention

Answer 40

Protecting people from developing disease or injury

Question 41

Secondary prevention

Answer 41

Early detection of disease through screening and early treatment

Question 42

Tertiary prevention

Answer 42

Rehabilitation after diagnosis of a disease or injury

Question 43

Multifactorial

Answer 43

Having several events that led to the development of the condition