Chapter 4 - Acids and Redox Flashcards
What is a strong acid?
An acid that releases all of its hydrogen atoms as H+ ions and completely dissociates in aqueous solutions
e.g. HCl
What is a weak acid?
An acid that only releases some of its hydrogen atoms into H+ ions and only partially dissociates in aqueous solution
e.g. carboxylic acids
What is the difference between acids and alkalis?
Acids release H+ ions in aqueous solutions
Alkalis release OH- ions in aqueous solutions
What is a base?
A base neutralizes and acid to form a salt and water.
What is an alkali?
A base which dissolves in water and releases OH- ions
What is the neutralization reaction to form H2O?
H+ + OH- —> H2O
What are the products of a metal and acid?
Salt and hydrogen
MASH
What are the products of an alkali and acid?
Water and salt
AAWS
What are the products of a base and acid?
Water and salt
BAWS
What are the products of a carbonate and acid?
Water, salt and carbon dioxide
CAWS + COD
What is the oxidation number of an element?
Always 0
What is the total oxidation number of a compound?
The total charge of the atom
e.g. NH4+ has an total oxidation number of +1
What is the oxidation number of O in a compound?
-2
e.g. H2O, Cao
What is the oxidation number of H in a compound?
+1
e.g. NH3, H2S
What is the oxidation number of F in a compound?
-1
e.g. HF
What is the oxidation number of Na+ in a compound?
+1
e.g. NaCl
What is the oxidation number of K+ in a compound?
+1
e.g. K2O
What is the oxidation number of Mg2+ in a compound?
+2
e.g. MgCl2
What is the oxidation number of Ca2+ in a compound?
+2
e.g. CaO
What is the oxidation number of Cl- in a compound?
-1
e.g. HCl
What is the oxidation number of Br- in a compound?
-1
e.g. KBr
What is the oxidation number of I- in a compound?
-1
e.g. CaI2
What is the oxidation number of H in a metal hydride?
-1
e.g. NaH, CaH2
What is the oxidation number of O in peroxides?
-1
e.g. H2O2
What is the oxidation number of O bonded to F ?
+2
e.g. F2O
What does a roman numeral next to an element represent? e.g. Iron (II)
The oxidation number
e.g. +2 for Iron (II)
What is oxidation?
Addition of oxygen (not always)
Loss of electrons
Increase in oxidation number
What is reduction?
Removal of oxygen (not always)
Gain of electrons
Decrease in oxidation number
