Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions and compounds Flashcards
What is an element?
An element is a substance which cannot be broken down into smaller means. Each element has a specific number of protons in their atomic nuclei.
What is an atomic number?
The atomic number is identified by the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus. The periodic table is ordered in terms of the atomic number.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons in the nucleus but a different number of neutrons, causing the physical properties of the atom to change (not the chemical!)
What is a proton?
A proton is a positively charged sub-atomic particle with a relative atomic mass of 1, and is located in the nucleus.
What is a neutron?
A neutron is a sub-atomic particle with no charge, it has a relative atomic mass of 1, and is located in the nucleus.
What is an electron?
An electron is a negatively charged sub-atomic particle, with a negligible mass, about 1/1836 of a proton. It orbits the nucleus in shells.
Why do atoms form ions?
Atoms form ions to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. This causes the ions to become charged.
What is a cation?
A cation is a positive ion. It has less electrons than protons and overall has a positive charge.
What is an anion?
An anion is a negative ion with more electrons than protons. It has an overall negative charge.
How is relative atomic mass calculated?
((Isotope mass number x % abundance of isotope) + (Isotope mass number x % abundance of isotope)) / 100
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom that has gained or lost electrons to form a positive or negative charge.
What is relative atomic mass?
It is the average mass of its atoms, compared to 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
What is relative molecular mass?
It is the average mass of a molecule, compared to 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
What is relative isotopic mass?
It is the average mass of its isotopes, compared to 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom
