Chapter 4: A tour of the cell Flashcards
Plasma membrane
Flexible boundary between the cell and its surroundings
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic similarities
- plasma membrane
- cytosol: jellylike interior fluid
- DNA
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
Flagella
Propels bacteria in environments like water
Four basic functions of organelles
- genetic control = nucleus and ribosomes
- Manufacturing, distribution and breakdown = ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, vacuoles and peroxisomes
- Energy processing = mitochondria and chloroplasts
- Structure, movement and communication = cytoskeleton, plasma membrane and cell wall
Cellular metabolism
Chemical activities within organelles
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane that helps regulate entry/exit and connects with ER
Nucleolus
Site of RNA synthesis
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Endomembrane system
Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi body, lysosomes, vacuoles and plasma membrane. (Never eat green lemon pea vents)
Smooth ER
Production enzymes, storage of calcium, synthesis of lipids, oil, phospholipids and steroids, and is detoxifier
Rough ER
Secretory proteins and makes its own membrane
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts and ships cell products
Lysosomes
Digestive compartment in the cell
Plant cells don’t include
Lysosomes and centrosomes
Plant cells have
Cell wall, plasmodesmata, chloroplast and a central vacuole
Plasmodesmata
Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect adjacent cells
Central vacuole
Stores water and other chemicals
Endosymbiosis theory
Mitochondria and cytoplasm were formally small prokaryotes (have their own dna and ribosomes)
Mitochondrial Matrix
Mitochondria dna, ribosomes and enzymes
Inner mitochondria membrane
Cristae
Inner membrane fluid that contains chloroplast dna
Stroma
Thylakoids
Sacs Green molecules trap solar energy
Granum
Stacked thylakoids
Microtubules
Shape/support cell
