Chapter 1: Exploring Life

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Scientific study of life

Question 2

The properties of Life

Answer 2

1. Order = structure that typifies life
2. Reproduction
3. Growth and development
4. Energy Processing = using chemical energy to power organism’s activities
5. Regulation
6. Response to the environment
7. Evolutionary Adaptation

Question 3

Biosphere

Answer 3

Top level on the hierarchy
All the environments on earth that support life

Question 4

Ecosystem

Answer 4

Second level on hierarchy
All the organisms living in a particular area and the physical components with which the organisms interact

Question 5

Community

Answer 5

Third level on hierarchy
The entire array of organisms living in a particular ecosystem

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

Fourth level on hierarchy.
All the individuals of a species living in a specific area

Question 7

Organism

Answer 7

Fifth level on hierarchy
An individual living thing

Question 8

Organ system

Answer 8

Sixth level on hierarchy
Several organs that cooperate in a specific function

Question 9

Organ

Answer 9

Seventh level on hierarchy
A structure that is composed of tissues

Question 10

Tissue

Answer 10

Eight level on hierarchy
A group of similar cell that perform a specific function

Question 11

Cell

Answer 11

Ninth level of hierarchy
The fundamental unit of life

Question 12

Organelle

Answer 12

Tenth level of hierarchy
A membrane enclosed structure that performs a specific function in a cell

Question 13

Molecule

Answer 13

Eleventh level on hierarchy
A cluster of small chemical units called atoms helps together by chemical bonds

Question 14

Emergent properties

Answer 14

New properties that arise each step upward in the hierarchy of life

Question 15

Cells can

Answer 15

• Regulate its internal environment
• take in and use energy
• respond to its environment
• develop and maintain its complex organization
• give rise to new cells

Question 16

All cells

Answer 16

Enclose by a regulating membrane and use DNA

Question 17

Two forms of cells

Answer 17

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 18

Prokaryotic

Answer 18

• evolved first
• simple structure
• smaller
  -(bacteria cells)

Question 19

Eukaryotic

Answer 19

• found in animals, fungi and protists
• complex organelles
• larger

Question 20

Ecosystems

Answer 20

Autotrophs( plants), heterotrophs(animals) and decomposers

Question 21

Dynamics of an ecosystem

Answer 21

1. The recycling/cycling of chemical nutrients in an environment
2. One way flow of energy (enters as the sun exits as heat)

Question 22

What unifies all living things

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

Genes

Answer 23

Unit of inheritance, grouped with chromosomes and control activities of the cell

Question 24

Genome

Answer 24

Entire genetic instructions organisms inherit

Question 25

Domains

Answer 25

Three level the diversity of life can be arranged to

Question 26

Domains of life

Answer 26

Bacteria, Archea and eukarya

Question 27

Bacteria

Answer 27

Most divers and widespread prokaryotes

Question 28

Archaea

Answer 28

Unicellular, ancient bacteria

Question 29

Eukarya

Answer 29

Eukaryotic cells, includes single celled protists and multicellular organisms

Question 30

Kingdoms

Answer 30

Categories within the domain

Question 31

Evolution

Answer 31

Process of change that occurs through generations

Question 32

Natural Selections

Answer 32

Charles Darwin, a mechanism for evolution

Question 33

Charles Darwin’s Observations

Answer 33

1. Individual Variation: varying in traits 2. Overproduction of offspring

Question 34

Charles Darwin’s Inference

Answer 34

1. unequal reproductive success 2. Accumulation of favorable traits over time

Question 35

What will organisms never do

Answer 35

Willfully change themselves for their environment

Question 36

Artificial Selection

Answer 36

Humans selectively breed plants ad animals in the process

Question 37

Science and technology

Answer 37

Science and technology are interdependent