Chapter 2: The chemical basis of life

Question 1

what are important elements?

Answer 1

Phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and Nitrogen. ( P.S.C.O.H.N)

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

Two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 3

Ionic bonds

Answer 3

Occur between metals and non entails. There is a transfer

Question 4

Covalent bonds

Answer 4

Metals and metals , sharing equally or non-equal

Question 5

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 5

Neutral charge

Question 6

Polar covalent bond

Answer 6

Has a charge

Question 7

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 7

Form between molecules not within

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds traits

Answer 8

-highly electronegative
- water can form hydrogen bonds
- weaker bonds

Question 9

Cohesion

Answer 9

Same molecule sticking to each other

Question 10

Adhesion

Answer 10

Molecules sticking to something else

Question 11

Surface tension

Answer 11

A measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid.

Question 12

Water as a

Answer 12

Solid is less dense than a liquid

Question 13

Water has a

Answer 13

Specific heat capacity

Question 14

Capillary action

Answer 14

Important to move water, adhesion and cohesion working together

Question 15

Density and water

Answer 15

Liquid water = hydrogen bonds are constantly breaking and reforming

Ice = hydrogen bonds are stable

Question 16

Water’s ability to dissolve

Answer 16

Is due to it being polar

Question 17

Water is not

Answer 17

A universal solvent

Question 18

When two atoms are equally electronegative they are __

Answer 18

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 19

Water is able to bond with ___

Answer 19

Other polar covalent Lu bonded molecules

Question 20

evaporative cooling

Answer 20

A substance evaporates, the liquid of the surface.
- humidity hampers cooling by slowing evaporation of water

Question 21

What is the role of heat in hydrogen bonds?

Answer 21

Heat is absorbed to break bonds and released to form bonds

Question 22

Base

Answer 22

A substance that reduces H+ ions

Question 23

Acid

Answer 23

A substance with a high concentration of h+ ions

Question 24

Buffers

Answer 24

A substance that donates or takes in H+ ions to minimize change

Question 25

Trace elements

Answer 25

Essential elements in the human body, (ex: zinc or fluoride)