Chapter 3: The molecules of cells

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

Carbon based molecules

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Carbon and hydrogen compound (has a lot of potential energy stored)

Question 3

Carbon skeleton

Answer 3

A chain of carbon atoms that can differ in lengths ( can be straight, branched or in rings)

Question 4

Isomer

Answer 4

Same formula different arrangement

Question 5

Functional groups

Answer 5

Five groups that affect molecule’s function through characteristics (polar and hydrophilic)

Question 6

Four class of molecules

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 7

Polymers

Answer 7

Made from identical building block

Question 8

Monomers

Answer 8

Building block of polymers

Question 9

Dehydration reaction

Answer 9

Remove water to form polymers

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Adding water to break apart polymers

Question 11

Monosaccharides

Answer 11

Sugar monomers, main fuels for cellular work and used as raw materials to manufacture other organic molecules

Question 12

Disaccharide

Answer 12

Two monosaccharides bonding through dehydration reaction

Question 13

Polysaccharides

Answer 13

Polymers composed of thousand of monosaccharides

Question 14

Polysaccharides function as

Answer 14

Storage molecules or structural compounds

Question 15

Starch

Answer 15

Polysaccharide; made in anything that photosynthesizes, storage by plant energy

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

Polysaccharide; converted starch/sugar molecules, stored in the muscles of consumer, storage energy

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

Polymer of glucose, forms plant wall

Question 18

Chitin

Answer 18

Polysaccharides; build exoskeletons and fungi wall

Question 19

Bonds are built in a __

Answer 19

tetrahedron

Question 20

Lipids

Answer 20

Hydrophobic, long term energy, sticky,

Question 21

Types of lipids

Answer 21

Fats, phospholipids and steroids

Question 22

Fat

Answer 22

A large lipids made of glycerol and fatty acids ( triglycerides)

Question 23

Unsaturated fats

Answer 23

Contains one or more double bonds, liquid at room temperature, do not pack together

Question 24

Saturated fats

Answer 24

Max number of hydrogens, solid at room temperature and pack tightly together

Question 25

Phospholipid

Answer 25

Structure of cell membranes, two fat chains attached to a glycerol

Question 26

Steroids

Answer 26

Lipids that contain four fused rings

Question 27

Cholesterol

Answer 27

Starting material to make steroids

Question 28

anabolic steroids

Answer 28

Synthetic variants of male hormone

Question 29

Denaturation

Answer 29

A protein unravels and loses shape nad function

Question 30

Proteins

Answer 30

Very diverse and involved in almost every function of the body

Question 31

Amino acids

Answer 31

A amino group and carboxyl group, can be hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Question 32

Peptide bond

Answer 32

Amino acids monomers linked together

Question 33

Polypeptides

Answer 33

Amino acids chains

Question 34

Four levels of protein structure

Answer 34

Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Question 35

Primary structure

Answer 35

Order of amino acids

Question 36

Secondary structure

Answer 36

The stand of amino acids is folded or spiraled

Question 37

Tertiary structure

Answer 37

The three dimensional folding of the protein back on itself

Question 38

Quaternary structure

Answer 38

Two are more proteins attach to one another

Question 39

Nucleotides

Answer 39

Monomer of DNA and RNA; made of ribose, a phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Question 40

DNA nitrogen bases

Answer 40

ATCG, adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

Question 41

RNA nitrogen bases

Answer 41

ACUG, uracil