Chapter 4

Question 1

Levels of computers

Answer 1

Raw data, process data, produce output

Question 2

Local area networks (LANs)

Answer 2

Network that links personal computers together. Shared access to data, printers, etc.

Question 3

Client/server LAN

Answer 3

Uses a centralized server, usually for more than 10 computers

Question 4

Peer-to-peer LAN

Answer 4

No server, each computer is connected through ethernet to each other and can access data from each other

Question 5

Wide area networks (WANs)

Answer 5

Extremely large networks. ex: the internet, email, web browsing

Question 6

Internet of things

Answer 6

Equipping everyday hardware with technology to make it a ‘smart’ item. ex: smart mug, smart lightbulbs

Question 7

Hardware

Answer 7

Tangible components that input, process, output and store data. ex: laptop

Question 8

Binary digits (bits)

Answer 8

Series of 1s and 0s to represent data

Question 9

Bytes

Answer 9

8-bits = 1 byte. Group of 8 bits represent one character

Question 10

Data hierarchy

Answer 10

1. Bit (0)
2. Byte (11010010)
3. Field (course)
4. Record (multiple fields)
5. File (series of records)
6. Database (many files)

Question 11

Motherboard (mainboard)

Answer 11

Connects computer hardware together. Contains: CPU, primary memory, buses, ports and expansion slots

Question 12

Central processing unit (CPU)

Answer 12

Transfers program data from disk to main memory via buses. Selects, processes, performs arithmetic on instructions and stores data in memory. There can be more than one CPU

Question 13

Random access memory (RAM)

Answer 13

Volatile working memory (RAM goes away when computer turns off). Contains running program and operating system instructions

Question 14

Read-only memory (ROM)

Answer 14

Non-volatile memory (stays when power is off). Used to ‘boot- up’ machine

Question 15

Client

Answer 15

Individual devices that review and process information that have access to servers. ex: laptops, cell phones, computers

Question 16

Server

Answer 16

Serve the clients by providing access to information. ex: database servers, email servers, video servers

Question 17

Software types (2)

Answer 17

• Operating system (OS)

- Application programs

Question 18

Application software acquisition

Answer 18

1. Buy if you can
2. Outsource
3. Build yourself

Question 19

Horizontal-market application software

Answer 19

Common software across organization. ex: microsoft word, photoshop

Question 20

Vertical-market application software

Answer 20

Specific software that serves industry. ex: dental billing system

Question 21

One-of-a-kind application software

Answer 21

Software for specific needs. ex: Quicktax software (income tax preparation software)

Question 22

Other (dual category) application software

Answer 22

Software that doesn’t fit clearly into other categories. ex: customer relationship software

Question 23

Custom developed software

Answer 23

Created by the company for the company. ex: home depot inventory app

Question 24

Cache memory

Answer 24

Helps speed up the overall throughput of the CPU.

The most frequently used data is stored in the cache memory

Question 25

BIO

Answer 25

Is an important piece of firmware that checks to make sure the memory and input devices are functional before the operating system is loaded