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CSCS Vocab & Concepts > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

definition, steps

A

how the adrenal gland responds to a stressor (aka noxious stimulus)

  1. initial alarm with function reduction
  2. increase in resistance to stressor
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2
Q

key to beneficial adaptation

A

timely removal of stressor

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3
Q

hormone

A

chemical messengers/signal molecules

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4
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce, store, and secrete hormones into the blood

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5
Q

Main endocrine glands

A
  • anterior Pituitary
  • posterior Pituitary
  • Adrenal cortex
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Thyroid
  • paraThyroid
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Ovaries
  • Testes
  • Heart atrium
  • Kidney
P^2
A^2
T^2
p
L
O
T
HA
K
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6
Q

neuroendocrinology

A

study of interactions between nervous system and endocrine system

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7
Q

role of neurons in endocrine system

A

neurons make, store, secrete neurotransmitters that function as hormones

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8
Q

target tissue cells

A

the cells affected by hormones

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9
Q

neuroendocrine immunology

A

study of connection between neural, endocrine, and immune systems

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10
Q

intracrine mechanism

A

the cell releases the hormone to act upon the cell itself via binding to intracellular receptors. the hormone never enters blood circulation

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11
Q

autocrine mechanism

A

the cell releases hormone to act upon itself via binding to membrane receptors. the hormone never enters blood circulation

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12
Q

paracrine secretion

A

release of hormone to act on adjacent cells. doesn’t enter blood circulation

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13
Q

binding proteins

A

carry hormones in the blood and prevents decay

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14
Q

cause of physiological response

A

activation of muscle tissue

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15
Q

size principle

A

the amount of muscle tissue activated determines which physiological system responds and the size of the response for recovery

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16
Q

anabolic hormones

A

hormones that promote tissue building

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17
Q

catabolic hormones

A

hormones that metabolize proteins

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18
Q

polypeptide receptor location

A

cell membrane

19
Q

location of steroid and thyroid receptors

A

cytosol

20
Q

lock and key theory

A

only one type of hormone can induce a signal via a receptor

21
Q

allosteric binding sites

A

sites where other substances and hormones can bind to receptors and can enhance or reduce cellular response

22
Q

downregulation

A

a receptor reduces its binding sensitivity or number of receptors present (primarily after overstimulation)

23
Q

3 hormone categories

A
  • steroid
  • polypeptide (peptide)
  • amine
24
Q 
steroid hormones
(origin location, 3 examples, characteristics)
A
  • gonads, adrenal cortex
  • testosterone, estradiol, cortisol
  • fat soluble, passively diffuses
25
Q

steroid interaction

A
  • diffuses across sarcolemma
  • forms H-RC with receptor and moves to nucleus
  • interacts with DNA to synthesize protein
26
Q 
polypeptide hormones
(construction, 2 examples, characteristics, effects)
A
  • made of amino acid chains
  • growth hormone, insulin
  • not fat soluble, can’t cross membrane
  • affects metabolic processes, DNA transcription, mRNA translation
27
Q

amine hormones (characteristic)

A
  • not fat soluble
28
Q

acute hormonal secretions provide info regarding

A
  • amount of physiological stress
  • type of physiological stress
  • metabolic demands of exercise
29
Q

testosterone mechanisms for affecting muscle tissue

direct, indirect

A
  • DIRECT*
  • binds with receptors in muscle tissue
  • INDIRECT*
  • growth hormone release from pituitary
  • influence protein changes through interactions with neurons causing increase in neurotransmitters
30
Q

exercise variables that increase testosterone (5)

A
  • large muscle group exercises
  • heavy resistance
  • moderate to high volume
  • short rest intervals
  • 2+ years of training
31
Q

diurnal variation

A

normal fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the day

32
Q

exercise variables that affect GH release

A
  • rest (shorter)
  • load (higher)
  • volume (higher)
  • exercise selection
33
Q

factors determining size of IGF-I response to exercise

A
  • starting concentration (lower means bigger response)

- post-exercise nutrition (carbs, proteins)

34
Q

cortisol (function)

A

adrenal hormone that induces conversion of protein to carbohydrate for fuel.

Also inhibits immune cell function

35
Q

proteolytic enzyme

A

breaks down protein

increased by cortisol

36
Q

exercise factors inducing cortisol increase

A
  • high volume

- short rest

37
Q

positives of cortisol

A

helps with muscle remodeling due to role in protein breakdown

38
Q

catecholamines

3 examples

A

epinephrine
dopamine
norepinephrine

39
Q

catecholamines mechanism

A
  • central motor stimulator
  • vasodilator
  • enhance enzyme systems
  • enhance calcium release
40
Q

catecholamines function

A
  • increase force production
  • increase muscle contraction rate
  • increase BP
  • increase energy availability
  • increase blood flow
  • increase testosterone (and other hormones) secretion
41
Q

growth hormone functions

A
  • Decreases glucose utilization
  • Decreases glycogen synthesis
  • Increases amino acid transport across cell membranes
  • Increases protein synthesis
  • Increases utilization of fatty acids
  • Increases lipolysis (fat breakdown)
  • Increases availability of glucose and amino acids
  • Increases collagen synthesis
  • Stimulates cartilage growth
  • Increases retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
  • Increases renal plasma flow and filtration
  • Promotes compensatory renal hypertrophy
  • Enhances immune cell function
42
Q

how to increase catecholamines

A

short rest

heavy resistance

43
Q

how to increase growth hormone

A

High intensity exercise
3 sets per exercise
Shorter rest periods of 1 minute or less
And add carbs and proteins after workouts

CSCS Vocab & Concepts (6 decks)

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