Chapter 4 Flashcards
Prefrontal Cortex is responsible for…
…complex thought, consciousness, memory, reasoning, planning, & problem solving.
Heredity
Genes play a huge role in growth, as is shown in twin studies - adopted children tend to take on the weight patterns of their biological parents, not adopted parents.
Benefits of Breastfeeding
Perfect for babies: easily digested & great for bonding (skin to skin contact).
No sterilization required & inexpensive.
Mother has less chance of ovarian or breast cancer & baby gets different tastes of food through mother’s diet.
Benefits of Bottle Feeding
Anyone can feed baby, baby feels food full fore longer, easier to keep track of how much baby fed, no restrictions on mothers diet, & formula is fortified w/ added vitamins & minerals.
Gross Motor Development
Actions that get the infant moving around the environment
Each older motor skill helps be the foundation for the new skills
Fine Motor Development
Smaller movements, such as grasping & reaching
Each older motor skill helps be the foundation for the new skills
Motor Development is Dynamic
Motor skills involve increasingly complex systems of action (like how crawling, standing, & stepping become walking.
Four Factors of Motor Development
- Central Nervous System development
- Body’s movement capacities
- Child’s goals
- Environmental supports for the skill
Fine Motor Development: 4 months
Bidextrous reach
Fine Motor Development: 6 months
Unidextrous reach; transfer object
Fine Motor Development: 9 months
Immature pincer grasp; probes with forefinger
Fine Motor Development: 12 months
Pincer grasp mature
Fine Motor Development: 15 months
Imitates scribbling; tower of 2 blocks
Fine Motor Development: 18 months
Scribbles; tower of 3 blocks
Fine Motor Development: 2 years
Tower of 6 blocks; vertical & circular stroke
Fine Motor Development: 3 years
Tower of 9 blocks; copies circle
Fine Motor Development: 4 years
Copies cross; bridge with blocks
Fine Motor Development: 5 years
Copies triangles
Hearing: 4-7 months
Infants can hear musical phrasing
Hearing: 6-7 months
Infants can hear variations in rhythm
As infants listen to their home language…
…language sounds & synaptic pruning limits connections betweens neurons.
Vision
Development happens 7-8 months of life due to rapid development of cerebral cortex
Vision is 20/80 by 6 months and 20/20 by 4 years
Depth Perception
Motion helps child be sensitive to depth at 3-4 weeks old
By 3-4 months babies are sensitive to pictorial depth
Babies develop depth perception as they learn to move/crawling helps depth perception in seasoned crawlers, babies who are new to walking may struggle with depth perception
Newborns prefer patters…
…to plain stimuli; 3 week old prefers simple checkerboards, older infants prefer more complex.
Face perception
Infants prefer right-side-up faces to upside down.
3-month infants more easily distinguish female over male faces & can distinguish photographs of different strangers faces.
Intermodal Perception
Sense we make of multiple pieces of sensory information at once.
3-5 month olds can match faces with voices, using lip-voice synchrony, emotional expression, etc.
Crucial to healthy cognitive development
Perceptual Development: Differentiation Theory
Infants look for stable features of the environment
