Chapter 4

Question 1

Harry Harlow

Answer 1

studies Reeses monkeys and found they crave the soothing touch of the cloth mother over the mesh one that only provides food

Question 2

Strange situation

Answer 2

developed by Mary Ainsworth to determine attachment styles of 1yr olds (named for such as the fact a stranger is brought in to see how the child will react)

Question 3

Attachment Categories identified by Ainsworth

Answer 3

Secure - doesn’t want mother to go, welcomes her back, uses mom as a secure base, interact with stranger only when mother is present
Avoidant - not distressed by mom leaving, doesn’t welcome her back, ignore mother initiated contact, indifferent with stranger
Ambivalent/Anxious - strongly protest mother leaving, ambivalent about her return mom isn’t a secure base, wary of strangers at all times

Question 4

4th attachment category added later

Answer 4

Disorganized/Disoriented - inconsistent and contradictory behaviors (some of both avoidant and ambivalent features)
Least securely attached

Question 5

temperament

Answer 5

a person’s biologically based way of approaching and reacting to people and situations (apparent at birth)

Question 6

inhibited, shy temperament

Answer 6

responds with intense motor arousal to external stimuli; easily socialized, early signs of conscious, not a discipline problem; shy, fearfulness can go into adulthood

Question 7

exuberant temperament

Answer 7

emotionally intense but unafraid of new stimuli; fearless, outgoing, adventurous; less easily socialized, higher risk of “acting out” behaviors

Question 8

Temperament types by Thomas and Chess

Answer 8

Easy, Difficult and Slow to warm up

Easy- generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes routines, easily adapts to new experiences
Difficult- tends to react negatively, cries frequently, irregular daily routines, slow to accept new experiences
Slow to warm up- low activity level, somewhat negative, shows low adaptability and low intensity of mood

Question 9

Goodness of Fit

Answer 9

parents who carefully arrange their child’s life to minimize vulnerabilities and accent their strengths

Question 10

daycare and its effects on attachment

Answer 10

quality child care has no negative effect on parent-child attachment
more hour in childcare have more negative outcomes (number of hours and years)
It effects language comprehension, cognition, and school readiness