Chapter 1

Question 1

Four goals of Lifespan Development

Answer 1

1. Describe the what and how of development (ex: symptoms of ADHD, Alzheimer’s, etc.)
2. Explain the why of development (ex: why do children crawl before they walk, why children engage in same-sex play, etc.)
3. Predict what will happen next (ex: if someone is abused will this affect later relationships)
4. Intervene or modify behavior (ex: can a child who was raised in an orphanage that appears behind get “caught up”)

Question 2

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

Freud

Deterministic Theory that “mothering” determines adult personalities and mental health

Question 3

Psychosocial theory

Answer 3

Erikson
Emphasized Age-Linked theories and identified core developmental tasks for the 8 stages from infancy to old age (must master one to move to the next)

Question 4

Attachment theory

Answer 4

Bowlby

shared Freuds psychoanalytic view and believed that early life experiences with caregivers shape personality

Question 5

Cognitive development theory

Answer 5

Piaget

Qualitative different stages exist in the way thinking develops

Question 6

Behaviorism

Answer 6

B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning
John Watson- Classical conditioning
Albert Bandura- social learning theory

Question 7

social learning theory

Answer 7

(Bandura) we learn by watching what other people do

Question 8

operant conditioning

Answer 8

(B.F. Skinner) behaviors that are rewarded (reinforced) will be learned

Question 9

classical conditioning

Answer 9

(Watson) conditioning of involuntary reflexes

Question 10

Ecological theory

Answer 10

Bronfen-brenner’s
there are multiple influences within our environment that shape development
Inner: family, classroom, peers, religion
2nd: School, community, mass media, medical institutions
3rd: cultural values, economic patterns, social conditioning

Question 11

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
Infancy (birth to 1yr)
Toddlerhood (1 to 2yrs)
Early Childhood (3 to 6yrs) 
Middle Childhood (6 to Puberty/12yrs)
Adolescence (teens into twenties) 
Young Adulthood (20's into early 40's) 
Middle Adulthood (40's into 60's)
Late Adulthood (late 60's and beyond)

Answer 11

Primary Tasks 
Infancy - Basic trust vs mistrust 
Toddlerhood - autonomy vs shame and doubt
Early Ch- initiative vs guilt 
Middle Ch- industry vs inferiority 
Adol- Identity vs role confusion 
Young Adl- Intimacy vs isolation 
Middle Adl- Generativity vs stagnation 
Late Adl- integrity vs. despair

Question 12

Piaget Stages of Development

there are 4

Answer 12

Age 0-2 Sensorimotor (this one is broken down further)
Age 2-7 Preoperations
Age 8-12 Concrete Operations
Age 12+ Formal Operations

Question 13

3 Common Strategies for collecting Data

Answer 13

Naturalistic observation - observes behaviors directly
Self-reports- Questionnaires
Observer reports- someone else ranking/evaluating

Question 14

T of F

Correlational studies can always show causation

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What are the minimum requirements for an experiment to qualify as “experimental”

Answer 15

independent variable (the thing being manipulated)
random assignment 
"control" intervention

Question 16

3 developmental research designs

Answer 16

Correlational
Cross Sectional
Longitudinal