Chapter 4

Question 1

Interval between two notes eight diatonic pitches apart; the lower note vibrates half as fast as the upper and sounds an octave lower.

Answer 1

octave

Question 2

Musical interval smaller than a semitone (half step), prevalent in some non-Western musics and some twentieth-century music.

Answer 2

microtone

Question 3

Musical symbol (♯) that indicates raising a pitch by a half step.

Answer 3

sharp sign

Question 4

Musical symbol (♭) that indicates lowering a pitch by a half step.

Answer 4

flat sign

Question 5

Interval consisting of two half steps

Answer 5

whole step

Question 6

Defines the relationship of pitches with a common center, or tonic. Also a lever on a keyboard or woodwind instrument.

Answer 6

key

Question 7

Scale consisting of seven different pitches that comprise a specific pattern of whole and half steps (W-W-H-W-W-W-H). its third degree is raised half a step.

Answer 7

major scale

Question 8

The fifth scale step, sol.

Answer 8

dominant

Question 9

Scale consisting of seven different pitches that comprise a specific pattern of whole and half steps (W-H-W-W-H-W-W). its third degree is lowered half a step.

Answer 9

minor scale

Question 10

Melody or harmony built from the seven pitches of a major or minor scale. This type of scale encompasses patterns of seven whole steps and half steps.

Answer 10

diatonic

Question 11

Melody or harmony built from many if not all twelve pitches of the octave. This type of scale consists of an ascending or descending sequence of half steps.

Answer 11

chromatic

Question 12

Five-note pattern used in some African, Far Eastern, and Native American musics; can also be found in Western music as an example of exoticism. See also gapped scale.

Answer 12

pentatonic scale

Question 13

Small alteration of the pitch by a microtonal interval.

Answer 13

inflection

Question 14

In the diatonic system, chords that need to resolve to the tonic chord. These include the dominant and subdominant chords

Answer 14

active chords

Question 15

A chord that achieves a sense of resolution or completion, normally the tonic.

Answer 15

rest chord

Question 16

Chord built on the fourth scale step, the IV chord.

Answer 16

subdominant cord

Question 17

The process of changing from one key to another.

Answer 17

modulation

Question 18

The shifting of a piece of music to a different pitch level.

Answer 18

transposition

Question 19

A scale that lacks some pitches of the seven-note diatonic scale; for example, a five-note (pentatonic) scale

Answer 19

gapped scale

Question 20

A composition in the key of G major uses harmonies formed from which scale?

Answer 20

G major

Question 21

A scale comprised entirely of half steps is called a _________ scale.

Answer 21

chromatic

Question 22

T/F: Black keys on the piano can be either “flats” or “sharps” depending on the context of the music.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Common scales used in African, Far Eastern, and Native American music are the _____ scales.

Answer 23

pentatonic and tritonic

Question 24

Which of the following is a true statement?
In diatonic music, both the melody and the harmony are firmly rooted in the key.
In diatonic music, composers are firmly rooted in chromaticism.
Music in a major or minor key focuses on pentatonic harmonies.

Answer 24

In diatonic music, both the melody and the harmony are firmly rooted in the key.

Question 25

Harmonies built on the dominant (fifth scale degree) gravitate toward the

Answer 25

tonic

Question 26

T/F: If a major or minor scale is transposed to a different starting pitch, the pattern of half steps and whole steps changes.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Intervals even smaller than half steps, commonly used in some non-Western music are called

Answer 27

microtones

Question 28

In Western music, the octave is divided into twelve equal

Answer 28

half steps

Question 29

Shifting an entire work so that it begins on a different pitch but retains the same pattern of intervals is called

Answer 29

transposition

Question 30

The tonic is a three-note chord, or triad, built on the ________ scale step

Answer 30

first

Question 31

Moving from one key center to another within a composition is called

Answer 31

modulation

Question 32

Music of the Baroque and Classical eras is mostly

Answer 32

diatonic

Question 33

T/F: The octave is divided the same way in the musical systems of all cultures.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

In Western music, the dominant and subdominant are called _______ chords.

Answer 34

active

Question 35

The _______ chord is counterposed against active chords.

Answer 35

rest

Question 36

The fifth scale step (sol) forms the chief active chord (V), which is called the

Answer 36

dominant

Question 37

The key of a piece is determined

Answer 37

by the composer

Question 38

What is another name for a half step?

Answer 38

semitone

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT an active chord?
tonic
subdominant
dominant

Answer 39

tonic