Chapter 10

Question 1

A slightly curved stick with hair or fibers attached at both ends, drawn over the strings of an instrument to set them in motion

Answer 1

bow

Question 2

To sound the strings of an instrument using fingers or a plectrum or pick.

Answer 2

pluck

Question 3

Soprano, or highest-ranged, member of the bowed-string instrument family.

Answer 3

violin

Question 4

Bowed-string instrument of middle range; the second-highest member of the violin family

Answer 4

viola

Question 5

To perform the same notes with more than one voice or instrument, either at the same pitch level or an octave higher or lower.

Answer 5

double

Question 6

Bowed-string instrument with a middle-to-low range and dark, rich sonority; lower than a viola. Also violoncello.

Answer 6

cello

Question 7

Largest and lowest-pitched member of the bowed string family. Also contrabass or bass viol.

Answer 7

double bass

Question 8

Smooth and connected; opposite of staccato

Answer 8

legato

Question 9

Short, detached notes, marked with a dot above them.

Answer 9

staccato

Question 10

Performance direction to pluck a string of a bowed instrument with the finger.

Answer 10

pizzicato

Question 11

A rapid slide through pitches of a scale.

Answer 11

glissando

Question 12

Rapid repetition of a note; can be achieved instrumentally or vocally.

Answer 12

tremolo

Question 13

Ornament consisting of the rapid alternation between one note and the next.

Answer 13

trill

Question 14

Playing two notes simultaneously on a string instrument.

Answer 14

double-stop

Question 15

Mechanical device used to muffle the sound of an instrument.

Answer 15

mute

Question 16

Individual, pure sounds that are part of any musical tone; in string instruments, crystalline pitches in the very high register, produced by lightly touching a vibrating string at a certain point.

Answer 16

harmonics

Question 17

Plucked-string instrument, triangular in shape with strings perpendicular to the soundboard.

Answer 17

harp

Question 18

Broken chord in which the individual pitches are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously.

Answer 18

arpeggio

Question 19

Plucked-string instrument originally made of wood with a hollow, resonating body and a fretted fingerboard; types include acoustic and electric.

Answer 19

guitar

Question 20

A guitar designed for performance without electronic amplification.

Answer 20

acoustic guitar

Question 21

A guitar designed for electronic amplification

Answer 21

electric guitar

Question 22

Plucked-string instrument with round body in the form of a single-headed drum and a long, fretted neck; brought to the Americas by African slaves.

Answer 22

banjo

Question 23

Plucked-string instrument with a rounded body and fingerboard; used in some traditional musics and in country-western music.

Answer 23

mandolin

Question 24

Soprano-range woodwind instrument, usually made of metal and held horizontally.

Answer 24

flute

Question 25

Smallest woodwind instrument, similar to the flute but sounding an octave higher

Answer 25

piccolo

Question 26

soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument.

Answer 26

oboe

Question 27

Double-reed woodwind instrument, larger and lower in range than the oboe

Answer 27

English horn

Question 28

The wide or bulbed opening at the end of a wind instrument.

Answer 28

bell

Question 29

Single-reed woodwind instrument with a wide range of sizes.

Answer 29

clarinet

Question 30

Woodwind instrument, with the lowest range, of the clarinet family.

Answer 30

bass clarinet

Question 31

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a low range

Answer 31

bassoon

Question 32

Double-reed woodwind instrument with the lowest range in the woodwind family. Also double bassoon.

Answer 32

contrabassoon

Question 33

Family of single-reed woodwind instruments commonly used in wind and jazz bands.

Answer 33

saxophone

Question 34

The placement of the lips, lower facial muscles, and jaws in playing a wind instrument.

Answer 34

embouchure

Question 35

Highest-pitched brass instrument that changes pitch by means of valves.

Answer 35

trumpet

Question 36

Tenor-range brass instrument that changes pitch by means of valves.

Answer 36

trombone

Question 37

Bass-range brass instrument that changes pitch by means of valves.

Answer 37

tuba

Question 38

Valved brass instrument similar to the trumpet but more mellow in sound

Answer 38

cornet

Question 39

Brass instrument that evolved from the earlier military, or field, trumpet.

Answer 39

bugle

Question 40

Valved brass instrument resembling a bugle with a wide bell, used in jazz and commercial music.

Answer 40

fluegelhorn

Question 41

Tenor-range brass instrument resembling the tuba

Answer 41

euphonium

Question 42

Brass instrument adapted from the tuba with a forward bell that is coiled to rest over the player's shoulder for ease of carrying while marching

Answer 42

sousaphone

Question 43

Percussion instrument consisting of a hemispheric copper shell with a head of plastic or calfskin, held in place by a metal ring and played with soft or hard padded sticks. A pedal mechanism changes the tension of the head, and with it the pitch. Also kettledrums.

Answer 43

timpani

Question 44

Percussion instrument with tuned blocks of wood suspended on a frame, laid out in the shape of a keyboard and struck with hard mallets

Answer 44

xylophone

Question 45

Percussion instrument, a mellower version of the xylophone; of African origin.

Answer 45

marimba

Question 46

A percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz.

Answer 46

vibraphone

Question 47

Percussion instrument with horizontal, tuned steel bars of various sizes that are struck with mallets and produce a bright metallic sound.

Answer 47

glockenspiel

Question 48

Percussion instrument resembling a miniature upright piano, with tuned metal plates struck by hammers that are operated by a keyboard

Answer 48

celesta

Question 49

Percussion instrument of definite pitch consisting of a set of tuned metal tubes of various lengths suspended from a frame and struck with a hammer.

Answer 49

chimes

Question 50

Small cylindrical drum with two heads

Answer 50

snare drum

Question 51

Percussion instrument played with a large, soft-headed stick; the largest orchestral drum.

Answer 51

bass drum

Question 52

Cylindrical drum without snares.

Answer 52

tom-tom

Question 53

Percussion instrument consisting of a small round drum with metal plates inserted in its rim; played by striking or shaking.

Answer 53

tambourine

Question 54

Percussion instruments consisting of small wooden clappers that are struck together; widely used to accompany Spanish dancing.

Answer 54

castanets

Question 55

Percussion instrument consisting of a slender rod of steel bent in the shape of a triangle, struck with a steel beater.

Answer 55

triangle

Question 56

Percussion instruments consisting of two large circular brass plates of equal size that are struck sideways against each other.

Answer 56

cymbals

Question 57

Percussion instrument consisting of a broad, circular metal disk suspended on a frame and struck with a heavy mallet; produces a definite pitch. See also tam-tam

Answer 57

gong

Question 58

A flat gong of indefinite pitch. See also gong.

Answer 58

tam-tam

Question 59

Musical ensemble of Java or Bali, made up of gongs, chimes, metallophones, and drums, among other instruments.

Answer 59

gamelan

Question 60

Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key.

Answer 60

piano

Question 61

Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals.

Answer 61

organ

Question 62

Early Baroque keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked by quills instead of being struck with hammers like the piano.

Answer 62

harpsichord

Question 63

A pizzicato effect is created on a string instrument when

Answer 63

the strings are plucked.

Question 64

``` All of the following are indefinite pitch percussion instruments EXCEPT the triangle. snare drum. chimes. bass drum. ```

Answer 64

chimes

Question 65

Which brass instrument dates back to ancient times and was used for religious ceremonies and military signals?

Answer 65

trumpet

Question 66

Which keyboard instrument is also a wind instrument?

Answer 66

organ

Question 67

On bowed string instruments, sliding the hand along the string while bowing it produces a ________ effect.

Answer 67

glissando

Question 68

T/F: Percussion instruments are divided into two categories: definite or indefinite pitch.

Answer 68

True

Question 69

Playing a series of notes smoothly and with connection is called

Answer 69

legato

Question 70

The string family includes which types of instruments?

Answer 70

bowed and plucked

Question 71

The "heart" of the orchestra is the _____ section.

Answer 71

string

Question 72

The bowed string instrument with the highest range is the

Answer 72

violin

Question 73

The instruments of the Western orchestra are categorized into which groups?

Answer 73

strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion

Question 74

The opposite of legato is

Answer 74

staccato

Question 75

The sousaphone is the marching-band adaptation of which instrument?

Answer 75

tuba

Question 76

The term arpeggio, meaning "broken chord," is derived from the name of what instrument?

Answer 76

harp

Question 77

Which brass instrument descended from the ancient hunting horn?

Answer 77

French horn

Question 78

Which instrument derives its name from the Italian word meaning "loud-soft"?

Answer 78

piano

Question 79

``` Which is an example of pitched percussion? xylophone cymbal snare drum bass drum ```

Answer 79

xylophone

Question 80

Which keyboard instrument produces sound with quills that pluck metal strings?

Answer 80

harpsichord

Question 81

``` Which of the following is a double-reed instrument? saxophone flute clarinet oboe ```

Answer 81

oboe

Question 82

Which instruments are members of the woodwind family? oboe, piccolo, contrabassoon, guitar clarinet, piano, saxophone flute, oboe, bassoon, English horn, saxophone bass clarinet, English horn, trumpet

Answer 82

flute, oboe, bassoon, English horn, saxophone