Chapter 4 Flashcards
Solvent
Component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount
Solute
any component in the solution other than the solvent
ppm of a solution component
Mass of component/total mass of solution•10^6
ppb of component
mass of component in solution/total mass of solution•10^9
Stock solution
A concentrated solution of a substance used to prepare solutions of lower concentrated
Dilution
The profess of lowering the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. Number of moles of solution does not change, only volume
Vi•Mi=Vd•Md=n
n=number of moles of solute present in the solution
Mixing solution of 2 different substances
Mfa=MiaVa/(Va+Vb)
Mfb=MibVb/(Va+Vb)
Mixing 2 solutions of the same substance
Mf=(M1V1+M2V2)/(V1+V2)
Beer’s law definition, equation and variable meanings
Intensity of color can be used to measure concentrations of solution
A=ebc
A=Absorbance
e=molar absorptivity(actually looks like backwards 3)
b=path length
c=concentration
Electrolytes+types
Substances that break into ions when they are dissolved in water
Strong electrolytes: Completely(nearly) ionize: consist of strong acids, strong based and soluble salts. Conduct currents efficiently
Weak electrolytes: Partially ionized: weak acids and bases. Slightly conductive
Nonelectrolytes: substances that do not break into ions when they are dissolved in water. Sugar, enthanol, ethylene
Acids and bases definitions
Acids
Arrhenius: acids yield H+ ions when dissolved in wayer
Bronsted and Lowry: Acids are proton donors
Bases
Arrhenius: Yield OH- ions when dissolved in water
Bronsted and Lowry: Bases are proton acceptors
Amphiprotic
Substance or ions that acts as an acid or a base
Neutralization reaction
a reaction that takes place when and acid and base react to produce a salt and water
Salt
Product of a neutralization(acid/base) reaction, made up of a cation base plus an anion acid. Salts are ionic
Molecular equations
Reactants/Products are written as undissociated molecules