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Chem 141 Dr. Mark Cybulski > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Chemistry

A

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given of when matter undergoes a change

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2
Q

Definition of matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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3
Q

Definition of Mass

A

Defines the quantity of matter in an object

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4
Q

Definition of Energy

A

The capacity to do work

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5
Q

Definition of Pure Substances

A

A substance that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout and cannot be separated into simpler substances by a physical process. Made up of elements and compounds

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6
Q

Definition of physical process

A

A transformation of a sample of matter, such as a change in physical state, that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample

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7
Q

Definition of element

A

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

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8
Q

Definition of Compound

A

A pure substance composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions that can be broken down into individual elements by chemical means

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9
Q

Definition of Mixture

A

A combination of two or more pure substances that can be separated by physical processes

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10
Q

Definition of homogenous mixture

A

Components are distributed uniformly throughout the sample and have no visible boundaries or origins, also called a solution

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11
Q

Definition of heterogenous mixture

A

components are not distinguished uniformly and may have distinct regions of different composition

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12
Q

Definition of Atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of that element

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13
Q

Definition of molecule

A

An assembly of two or more atoms that are held together in a characteristic pattern by chemical bonds

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14
Q

Definition of chemical reaction

A

the transformation of one or more substances into different substances

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15
Q

Law of Constant Composition/Law of definite proportion

A

All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions

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16
Q

Definition of Cation/Anion

A

Cation: Positively charged ions

Anions: Negatively charged ions

17
Q

Which formula type is most informative?

A

Structural

18
Q

Methods for separating mixtures

A
  1. Centrifugation: a process for separating particles by applying a centripetal force to allow sedimentation of a heterogeneous mixture
  2. Electrophoresis: A process for separating molecules based on charged and size
  3. Filtration: A process for separating particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles
  4. Distillation: A separation technique in which more volatile components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, separating them from less volatile components
19
Q

Properties of matter+examples

A
  1. Intensive: A property that is independent of the amount of substance present
    Example: color, melting point, temp
  2. Extensive: Varies with the quantity of substance present
    Example: volume, mass
  3. Physical: A property that can be observed without changing it into another substance
    Examples: Luster, hardness, color, state, melting/boiling points, density
  4. Chemical: A property that can only be observed by reacting it to form another substance
    Example: Flammability
20
Q

States of matter

A
  1. Solid: definite shape and volume
  2. Definite volume, flows to shape of container
  3. Gases: no definite shape or volume, expands to fill container
21
Q

What causes a change in state?

A

Addition or removal of heat

22
Q

Melting/freezing

A

Melting: Solid to liquid

Freezing: liquid to solid

23
Q

Vaporization/condensation

A

Vaporization: Liquid to gas

Condensation: Gas to liquid

24
Q

Sublimation/deposition

A

Sublimation: solid to gas

Deposition: Gas to solid

25
Q

Formulas for converting between celsius and fahrenheit

A

C=(5/9)(F-32)

F=9/5C+32

26
Q

Scientific Law

A

a concise statement/formula that is based on verified experimental observations of natural phenomena

27
Q

Differences and similarities between compounds and elements

A

Similarities

  1. Composed of atoms
  2. Definite physical/chemical properties
  3. Can be isolated into pure form

Differences

  1. Compounds are more commonly found in nature
  2. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances
  3. Compounds have different physical/chemical properties

Chem 141 Dr. Mark Cybulski (14 decks)

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