Chapter 10

Question 1

Intermolecular forces

Answer 1

forces that exist between atoms or molecules that do not want to form additional covalent binds. weaker than intramolecular forces. responsible for physical properties of substances

Question 2

Intramolecular forces

Answer 2

Forces between electrons and nuclei that are responsible for covalent and ionic bonds. stronger than intermolecular forces

Question 3

Induced dipole moment

Answer 3

Atoms or molecules with a permanent dipole moment of 0 acquire an induced dipole moment in the presence of other species. induced dipole moment=permanent dipole moment+(polarizability)(strength of electric field)

Question 4

What determines the magnitude of an induced dipole moment?

Answer 4

polarizability, strength of magnetic field and distanfe

Question 5

Polarizability

Answer 5

measure of deformability of the electron cloud of an atom or molecule

Question 6

Electric field

Answer 6

(F) The region of space surrounding any molecular species

Question 7

London dispersion interactions

Answer 7

Caused by induced dipole moments in molecules. Attractive forces that exist for all species with electrons. More important in nonpolar species. Cause induced dipole-induced dipole interactions

Question 8

Boiling point trend

Answer 8

Increases as atomic number increases in NOBLE GASES ONLY

Question 9

What determines boiling point?

Answer 9

The strength if attraction between liquid particles, because they need to be separated

Question 10

Dispersion

Answer 10

momentary shift in electrons

Question 11

Factors affecting strength if dispersion

Answer 11

1. Size of atoms/molecules: Larger=more polarizable

2. Shape of molecules: more surface area=more interaction, linear molecules have higher dispersion

Question 12

Relationship between dispersion and polarizability

Answer 12

Dispersion increases with polarizability

Question 13

dipole-dipole interaction

Answer 13

attractive force between polar molecules

Question 14

Hydrogen bond

Answer 14

Occurs between H, F/N/O, and an atom of O or N in another molecule

Question 15

Dipole induced dipole interaction

Answer 15

Caused when nonpolar and polar molecules come in contact

Question 16

How do you know what will be soluble with what?

Answer 16

Ionic/polar solutes will be soluble in polar solvents and nonpolar solutes will be soluble in nonpolar solvents

Question 17

What is the relationship between energy of H bonding and dispersion forces?

Answer 17

Solubility decreases as relative energy of H bonding and decreases as dispersion increases

Question 18

Factors affecting vapor pressure

Answer 18

1. Temperature
2. Surface area
3. Intermolecular forces(indirect relationship)