Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is blood complied of?
Blood is complied of:
55% Plasma
Less than 1% White blood cells and platelets
45% red blood cells
What is the function of plasma?
Waste Carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs in it.
Urea formed in the liver from the breakdown of excess proteins is carried to your kidneys where it is removed from blood.
Small soluble products of digestion pass into the plasma from your small intestine
What are the functions/ features of red blood cells?
Red blood cells pick up oxygen from air in your lungs and carries it to where it is need?
They are biconcave discs - increases surface area
They are packed with red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
No nucleus to make space for haemoglobin.
What do white blood cells do?
White blood cells are much bigger than red bloods
Form part of the body’s defence against harmful microbes.
Some form antitoxins against poisons made by microorganisms
Some engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses
What do platelets do?
Small fragments of cells
Important in helping the site of a wound to clot
What are the characteristics of artistes?
- Thick walls
- Carries blood away from the heart
- small lumen
- thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres.
What are the characteristics of veins?
They carry blood towards the heart and away from the organs.
- Relatively thin walls
- large lumen
- often have valves to stop the back flow of blood
What are the characteristics of capillaries?
Form a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and veins
- tiny vessels with narrow lumen
- walls a single cell thick to enable substances to defuse through them
What is double circulation?
One transport system carries blood from your your heart to your lungs and back again. This enables oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged in air in the lungs.
The other transport system carries blood from your heart to all other organs of your body.
Why is a double circulatory system need?
It makes our circulatory system very efficient. Fully oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs lungs. This blood can be sent off at a high pressure.
How is blood pumped in the heart?
The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium this flows to the right ventricle the atria contract squeezing the ventricle forcing deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary vain brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs. This enters in to the left atrium this then enters the left ventricle where the atria contract and push the oxygenated blood around the body via the aorta.
What is a stint?
A stint is a metal Cage inserted with ballon to help with coronary heart disease. This ballot is inflates pushing the mesh cage to the side forcing fatty deposits aside. This opens up the artery.
What is a natural pacemaker?
A natural pace is made of valves from pigs or cattle or even a human donor, These work extremely well however only last 12-15 years.
What is an artificial pacemaker and valves?
Patients have to take anti clot medication for the rest of their lives to stop blood clotting around there artificial valve.
Whereas an artificial pacemaker use electrical pulses to stimulate the beat properly.
What does the gas exchange system achieve?
The gas exchange system supplies oxygen and removes waste carbon dioxide.