chapter 4

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the underlying psychological influences over our behavior or thoughts

Question 2

types of motivation

Answer 2

extrinsic and intrinsic

Question 3

extrinsic

Answer 3

results from the potential or actual receipt of external rewards.(Increases but decreases through time)

Question 4

intrinsic

Answer 4

occurs when an individual is inspired by “the positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well,

Question 5

three criteria for motivation

Answer 5

direction, intensity and persistence

Question 6

content theories

Answer 6

focus on identifying internal factors such as needs and satisfaction

Question 7

process theories

Answer 7

focus on explaining the process by which internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation(external)

Question 8

McGregor’s Theory X

Answer 8

Employees dislike work. Can only be motivated with rewards and punishment

Question 9

McGregor’s Theory Y

Answer 9

employees are self-engaged, committed, responsible and creative

Question 10

Types of Content Theories

Answer 10

• McGregor’s X and Y
• Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
• Acquired Needs Theory
• Self-Determination Theory
• Herzberg Motivator Hygiene Theory

Question 11

Types of Process Theories

Answer 11

• Equity/Justice
• Expectancy
• Goal-Setting

Question 12

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

Answer 12

(bottom to top)
1. Physiological
2.Safety
3.Love
4.Esteem
5. Self-Actualization 
People have fundamental needs, once satisfy can go on to the next level

Question 13

Physiological

Answer 13

Most basic need. Entails having enough food, air, and water to survive

Question 14

safety

Answer 14

consists of the to be safe from physical and psychological harm

Question 15

love

Answer 15

the desire to be loved and to love. Includes the needs for affection and belonging

Question 16

Esteem

Answer 16

need for reputation, prestige and recognition from others. aka self-confidence

Question 17

Self-actualization

Answer 17

desire for self-fulfillment-to become the best one is capable of becoming

Question 18

Mclelland’s Acquired Needs Theory components

Answer 18

Achievement, Affiliation, Power

Question 19

Achievement

Answer 19

Prefers working on challenges, best in situations in which performance is due to effort and ability, prefers to work with other high achievers

Question 20

Affiliation

Answer 20

likes to work in teams with cooperation and collegiality, tend to avoid conflict, likes to be praised in private

Question 21

power

Answer 21

likes to be in charge, likes to be in control of people and events and appreciates being recognized

Question 22

Components of Self-determination theory

Answer 22

1. competence
2. autonomy
3. relatedness

Question 23

Competence

Answer 23

coach them on skills ability, show examples, uniform/dress

Question 24

autonomy

Answer 24

flex time, self-management,rewards to single people out

Question 25

relatedness

Answer 25

uniforms, team building safety training

Question 26

Hertzberg Motivator Theory

Answer 26

Job dissatisfaction-hygiene factors
ex. pay, status, security, working conditions, fringe benefits
Job Satisfaction-Motivator Factors
ex. meaningful work, challenging work, recognition for accomplishments, feeling of achievements

Question 27

Equity theory

Answer 27

is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships
ex. my ratio vs. other’s ratio

Question 28

justice theory

Answer 28

refers to the extent to which people perceive that they are treated fairly at work.

Question 29

three types of justice

Answer 29

Three types of justice
Distributive Justice = rewards
Procedural Justice = procedures/ processes
Interactional Justice = treatment

Question 30

Expectancy Theory

Answer 30

People are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.

Question 31

Purposes behind a goal

Answer 31

1. goals direct attention
2. Goals regulate effort
3. Goals increase persistence
4. Goals foster task strategies and actions

Question 32

Job Design

Answer 32

altering jobs to improve the quality of employee job experience and level productivity

Question 33

top-down approach

Answer 33

management designs job

Question 34

bottom-up approach

Answer 34

employee or work teams designs job

Question 35

idiosyncractic deals approach

Answer 35

employee and management design jobs