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PSY 150 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Modern generations have dramatic reductions in death rate due to:

A 
Antibiotics
Prenatal care
Blood transfusions
Safe anesthesia
Improved hygiene
Drugs for inducing labor
Prenatal assessments
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2
Q

Parturition

A

The act or process of giving birth, which happens two weeks before delivery due to rise in estrogen levels that stimulate the cervix to become more flexible

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3
Q

Stage 1 of Childbirth

A

Dilation of cervix, longest lasting stage at 12-14 hours
Regular and increasing uterine contractions
15-20 minutes at first, then 2-5 minutes later
Lasts until cervix is dilated to 10 cm

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4
Q

Stage 2 of Childbirth

A

1-2 hours, descent/emergence of baby
Head begins to move through cervix into vaginal canal
Baby emerges completely

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5
Q

Stage 3 of Childbirth

A

Lasts between 10 min - 1 hour, placenta and remainder of umbilical cord expelled from mother

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6
Q

APGAR Scale

A

Standard measurement of a newborn’s condition:
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
Assessed 1 and 5 minutes after birth w/ max score of 10
After 5 minutes, want a 7-10 score indicating the baby is in good-excellent condition

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7
Q

APGAR 5-7 Score

A

Baby needs help to establish breathing

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8
Q

APGAR <4 Score

A

Baby needs life-saving treatment

Increasing score to 4 or more w/in 10 minutes has no long-term damage to result

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9
Q

_____% of babies born in the U.S. Score 7-10 in first 5 minutes

A

98.4%

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10
Q

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment

A

Tests responses to physical and social environment

Identifies strengths/vulnerabilities in neurological functioning

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11
Q

Motor Organization NBAS

A

Hand to mouth, testing activity level

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12
Q

Reflexes NBAS

A

Irritability, excitability, able to quiet down after getting upset

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13
Q

Attention and interactive capacity NBAS

A

General alertness, response to visual/auditory stimuli

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14
Q

CNS Instability NBAS

A

Tremors/changes in skin color

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15
Q

Low Birth Weight

A

Born weighing less than 5.5 pounds
Two types: born early and born small
15.5% of all births
Prematurity and low birth weight are the second-leading cause of infant death, after birth defects

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16
Q

Low Birth Weight Factors

A 
Attributed to poor nutrition by the mother
Delaying child bearing
Multiple births
Use of fertility drugs
Induced c-sections
17
Q

Small-for-date infants

A

Born at or around their due date, but are smaller than would be expected, born early because of inadequate prenatal nutrition, slowing fetal growth

18
Q

Postmature

A

A fetus not yet born as of 2 weeks after the due date or 42 weeks after the mother’s last menstrual period
Tend to be long and thin because they have kept growing in the womb but have had insufficient blood supply
Induce labor or perform c-sections to reduce risk of brain damage or death (to decline in poster births in recent years)

19
Q

Low birth weight risks

A

Neurological and cognitive impairment
Lower academic achievement
Social, behavioral, and attention problems
Adult on-set diabetes
Greater likelihood of CP, autism, low IQ, lowered educational achievements

20
Q

Number of worldwide infant deaths

A

6.6 million in 2012
3 million died in 1st month of life
1/2 occurred in 24 hours of life
Majority in developing countries (South Asia, West/Central Africa).

21
Q

Chief causes of neonatal death

A 
86% of all neonatal deaths
Severe infections
Sepsis 
Pneumonia
Tetanus
Diarrhea
Preterm delivery
Asphyxia
22
Q

Factors for preventable neonatal death

A

Poverty
Poor maternal health and nutrition
Infection
Inadequate medical care

23
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Proportion of babies born alive who die within the 1st year

24
Q

Leading cause of infant deaths are _______

A

Birth defects, followed by disorders related to prematurity of low birth weight, SIDS, maternal complications, placenta complications, umbilical cord

25
Q

Improvement of infant mortality related to

A

Prevention of SIDS

Effective treatment for respiratory distress and medical advances in keeping small babies alive

26
Q

SIDS

A

Sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant
Remains unexplained after a thorough investigation

27
Q

True or False

SIDS is the leading cause of post neonatal infant death in the United States

A

True

28
Q

Growth patterns

A

First 3 years of life is when a person will grow faster than they ever will
Genes have great influence on whether you will be tall/short, short/stocky

29
Q

Teething

A

Usually begins around 3 or 4 months, when infants begin grabbing almost everything
First tooth between 5 and 9 months
By 1st birthday babies have 6 to 8 teeth

PSY 150 (6 decks)

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