Chapter 1

Question 1

Human Development

Answer 1

Focuses on the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people

Question 2

Developmentalist

Answer 2

Look at ways in which people change from conception through maturity

Question 3

Physical Development

Answer 3

Growth of the body, brain, sensory capacities, motor skills and health

Question 4

Cognitive Development

Answer 4

Learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity

Question 5

Psychosocial Development

Answer 5

Pattern of change in emotions, personality and social relationships

Question 6

Heredity

Answer 6

Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents

Question 7

Environment

Answer 7

The world outside the self, beginning in the womb, and learning that comes from experience

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns

Question 9

Nature = _______

Answer 9

Heredity

Question 10

Nurture = _______

Answer 10

Environment

Question 11

What are some environmental factors?

Answer 11

Family, neighborhood, SES, race, culture

Question 12

Socio-Economic Status

Answer 12

Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including: income, education, and occupation

Question 13

Poverty-related risks that increase chance of negative outcomes include:

Answer 13

Emotional and behavioral problems
Cognitive and school performance
Parents’ emotional state and home environment
Living in neighborhoods with large unemployment contributes to potential lack of social support

Question 14

Strengths and resilience factors in poor neighborhoods include:

Answer 14

Parents feeling close with children
Attend church and feel safe at home and school
Eat meals together

Question 15

Risk factors

Answer 15

conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome

Question 16

______ in global economy leads to ________ in poverty

Answer 16

Increase, decrease

Question 17

Normative

Answer 17

Characteristic of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group

Question 18

Normative age graded-influences

Answer 18

Timing of biological events is predictable within a normal range

Question 19

Normative history graded influences

Answer 19

Significant events that shape behavior and attitudes of a historical generation

Question 20

Historical generation

Answer 20

Group of people who experience the event at a formative time in their lives (ex: WWII children have strong social bond to each other)

Question 21

Cohort

Answer 21

Group of people born at the same time

Question 22

Nonnormative

Answer 22

Characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life (typical events at a typical times: puberty at 30; atypical events: birth defect, winning the lottery)

Question 23

Imprinting

Answer 23

Konrad Lorenz - distinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees (usually mother)

Result of a predisposition toward learning - nervous system is ready to acquire information

Question 24

Critical period

Answer 24

Specific time when an event (or its absence) has a specific impact on development - if a necessary event doesn’t occur during a critical period of maturation, normal development will not occur

Question 25

Plasticity

Answer 25

range of modifiability of performance

Question 26

Sensitive period

Answer 26

Developmental timing when child is particularly responsive to certain experiences