Chapter 4 Flashcards
socialization
the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society
self
the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person
i
one’s sense of agency, action, or power
me
the self as perceived as an object by the “I”; the self as one imagines others perceive one
other
someone or something outside of oneself
generalize other
an internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings—regardless of whether we’ve encountered those people or places before
resocialization
the process by which one’s sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately, through an intense social process that may take place in a total institution
total institution
an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority
status
a recognizable social position that an individual occupies
role
the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status
role strain
the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status
role conflict
the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses
status set
all the statuses one holds simultaneously
ascribed status
a status into which one is born; involuntary status
master status
one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others
gender role
sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one’s status as male or female
symbolic interactionism
a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions
dramaturgical theory
the view (advanced by Erving Goffman) of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets
face
the esteem in which an individual is held by others
ethnomethodology
literally “the methods of the people”; this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a shared social order
concerted cultivation
structuring children’s time with formal activities, often, this means that children learn how to interact with adults, follow rules, and manage schedules
