Chapter 4&5-vowels and consonants Flashcards
How are vowels classified
By tongue position degree of elevation and lip rounding
Our vowels produced with oral resonance
Yes - they are ALL voiced
Frequency is related to what
Pitch
Intensity is related to what
Loudness
What is a tense vowel
Longer in duration greater muscular effort and can end a stressed open syllable
What is a lax vowel
Shorter in duration never ends a stressed open syllable
What is F1
It is inversely related to tongue height
What is F2
Directly related to tongue advancement
What is a formant
The select set of frequencies that resonate for a given vowel or resonating sound
What is source filter theory
Energy from the source is filtered by the residences of the vowel tract the buzz generated from the vocal folds
What are your resonant consonants
Your nasals liquids and glides they are all voiced
What are your nonresonant consonants or obstruents
Your stops fricatives and affricates they can be voiced or voiceless
Our vowels longer or shorter than consonants
Longer
Do consonants have a lesser or greater intensity then vowels
Vowels have a greater intensity
Can consonants stand alone
No but vowels can
Do vowels have a high or low frequency
Low
Do resonant consonants have a low or high frequency
Low
Do obstruent consonants have a low or high frequency
High
How are consonants classified
By Place manner and voice
What are cognate pairs
They are made in the same place and manner except for their voicing is different
What are the places for consonants to happen at
Labial lingual palatal alveolar dental glottal and velar
What are the manners that consonants are produced by
Stops fricative affricate nasal glide liquid
Past tense ED
Produced as a /t/ when following a voiceless phoneme
Produced as a /d/when following a voiced phoneme
What are characteristics of fricatives
The airstream force through narrow channel
The velopharyngeal port is closed
It creates turbulence or and obstruent
What are characteristics of stops
They have a complete obstruction of airstream followed by an explosive airburst
They impound intro oral pressure with the velum closed
What are characteristics of nasal consonants
Airstream blocked in the oral cavity
Velum is lowered or open
There is no release of intra oral pressure from the oral cavity
You block airflow out of the mouth but continual through the nose
Residence through the entire vocal tract including the pharynx oral cavity and nasal cavity
What are affricates
A combination of a stop and a fricative manner
What is a rhotic diphthong
It is a vowel often found in combination with a consonant /r/
What are phonemes that are produced with a noise source called
Obstruents
What is a Homoorganic phoneme
They happen only in the same place but can very invoiced or voiceless and stops fricatives affricates etc.
