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Molecules Of Life > Chapter 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 & 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that can’t be broken down into other substances by any means

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Elements essential for life

A 
CHNOPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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3
Q

Trace element

A

Element critical to health that makes up less than 0.01% of body mass

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4
Q

Compound

A

Substance containing two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

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5
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element

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6
Q

Isotope

A

One of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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7
Q

Radioactive isotope

A

Isotope in which in the nucleus decays over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy

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8
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom

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9
Q

Ion

A

Atom that has become electrically charged as a result if gaining or losing an electron

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10
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons

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11
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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12
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in new substances.

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13
Q

Reactants

A

Starting material for a chemical reaction

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14
Q

Product

A

Material created as a result if a chemical reaction.

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15
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule in which opposite needs have opposite electric charges

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16
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion if another molecule

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17
Q

Cohesion

A

Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between unlike molecules

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19
Q

Thermal energy

A

Total energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules

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20
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the average energy of random motion of particles in a substance

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21
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount.

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22
Q

Solute

A

Substance in a solution that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount.

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23
Q

pH scale

A

A range of numbers used to describe how acidic or basic something is (0 acidic- 14 basic)

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24
Acid
Compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale
25
Base
Compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on the pH scale
26
Buffer
Substance that maintains a fairly constant pH in a solution by accepting H+ when their levels rise and donating H+ ions when their levels fall
28
Organic molecules
Carbon based molecule
28
Hydrocarbon
Organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
29
Inorganic molecule
Non carbon based molecule
30
Functional group
Group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules
31
Hydrophilic
Attracts water molecules
32
Hydrophobic
Avoids water molecules
33
Monomers
small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule
34
Polymer
Long chain of monomers
36
Carbohydrates
Organic compound made of sugar molecules
37
Monosaccharide
Sugar containing one sugar unit
38
Disaccharide
Sugar with two monosaccharides
38
Starch
Polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers
39
Polysaccharide
Long chain made of simple sugar monomers
40
Cellulose
Polysaccharide made of glucose monomers that reinforces plant cell walls
41
Saturated fat
Fat where all three fatty acid chains have the maximum possible hydrogen atoms
42
Lipid
One of a class of water avoiding compounds
43
Unsaturated fats
Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more fatty acid chains.
44
Steroid
Lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings
45
Cholesterol
Steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells
46
Amino acids
Monomer that makes up proteins.
47
Protein
Polymer constructed from 20 amino acid monomers
48
Polypeptide
Chain of linked amino acids
49
Denaturation
Loss of normal shape of a protein due to best or other factors
50
Activation energy
Minimum amount if energy required to trigger a chemical relativism.
51
Catalysts
agent that speeds up chemic reactions
52
Substrate
Specific reactant acted on by an enzyme
53
Enzymes
Specialized protein that catalysts the chemical reactions of a cell
54
Active site
Region if an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits
55
Density of ice
Low so can float
56
Atomos
Greek for indivisible
57
What are the 4 molecules of life?
Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleus acid
58
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Main source of energy for the human. Also makes cell walls
59
Where is carbohydrates found in?
Plant( cell walls) | Milk
60
Carbohydrates monomer?
Glucose
61
Carbohydrates polymer
Polysaccharide
62
Lipids monomer
Glycerol and fatty acids
63
Lipids polymer
Triglyceride( fat or oil)
64
Function of lipids
Stores energy | Insulates body to normal temperature
65
What are lipids found in?
Steroids Earwax Fruit wax Animals
66
Proteins polymer
Amino acid chain
67
Proteins monomer
Amino acid
68
Function if proteins
Structural molecule Antibodies Hormones ENZYMES
69
Where are proteins found?
Cell membranes Animal products Plant foods
71
Monomer of nucleic acids
Base | Nitrogenous
72
Polymer of nucleic acids
DNA | RNA
72
Nucleic acids are found in...
Nucleus of cells
73
Functions of nucleic acids
Genetic makeup
74
Different types of carbohydrates
``` Monosaccharides Disaccharide Polysaccharide Starch Glycogen Celluose ```
75
Macromolecule
Every large molecule consisting of many atoms
76
What can too much fat do to your health?
The fat can lead to heart problems
77
What can too much carbohydrates do to your body?
Can lead to some cardiovascular or blood vessel diseases.
78
How are proteins constructed?
20 different monomers called amino acids combine to form a polypeptide
79
Catalyst
Chemical that speeds up chemical reaction
80
What can denaturation do to proteins?
Proteins deform and can't fold properly causing the shapes to be lost

Molecules Of Life (7 decks)

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