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Molecules Of Life > Chapter 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 & 5 Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Element

A

Pure substance that can’t be broken down into other substances by any means

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Elements essential for life

A 
CHNOPS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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3
Q

Trace element

A

Element critical to health that makes up less than 0.01% of body mass

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4
Q

Compound

A

Substance containing two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

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5
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element

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6
Q

Isotope

A

One of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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7
Q

Radioactive isotope

A

Isotope in which in the nucleus decays over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter and energy

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8
Q

Ionic bond

A

Chemical bond that occurs when an atom transfers an electron to another atom

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9
Q

Ion

A

Atom that has become electrically charged as a result if gaining or losing an electron

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10
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond that forms when two atoms share electrons

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11
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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12
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Breaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in new substances.

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13
Q

Reactants

A

Starting material for a chemical reaction

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14
Q

Product

A

Material created as a result if a chemical reaction.

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15
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule in which opposite needs have opposite electric charges

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16
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion if another molecule

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17
Q

Cohesion

A

Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to one another

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18
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction between unlike molecules

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19
Q

Thermal energy

A

Total energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules

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20
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the average energy of random motion of particles in a substance

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21
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount.

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22
Q

Solute

A

Substance in a solution that is dissolved and is present in a lesser amount.

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23
Q

pH scale

A

A range of numbers used to describe how acidic or basic something is (0 acidic- 14 basic)

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24
Q

Acid

A

Compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale

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25
Q

Base

A

Compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on the pH scale

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26
Q

Buffer

A

Substance that maintains a fairly constant pH in a solution by accepting H+ when their levels rise and donating H+ ions when their levels fall

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28
Q

Organic molecules

A

Carbon based molecule

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28
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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29
Q

Inorganic molecule

A

Non carbon based molecule

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30
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules

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31
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attracts water molecules

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32
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Avoids water molecules

33
Q

Monomers

A

small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule

34
Q

Polymer

A

Long chain of monomers

36
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic compound made of sugar molecules

37
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Sugar containing one sugar unit

38
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sugar with two monosaccharides

38
Q

Starch

A

Polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers

39
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Long chain made of simple sugar monomers

40
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide made of glucose monomers that reinforces plant cell walls

41
Q

Saturated fat

A

Fat where all three fatty acid chains have the maximum possible hydrogen atoms

42
Q

Lipid

A

One of a class of water avoiding compounds

43
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more fatty acid chains.

44
Q

Steroid

A

Lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings

45
Q

Cholesterol

A

Steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells

46
Q

Amino acids

A

Monomer that makes up proteins.

47
Q

Protein

A

Polymer constructed from 20 amino acid monomers

48
Q

Polypeptide

A

Chain of linked amino acids

49
Q

Denaturation

A

Loss of normal shape of a protein due to best or other factors

50
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum amount if energy required to trigger a chemical relativism.

51
Q

Catalysts

A

agent that speeds up chemic reactions

52
Q

Substrate

A

Specific reactant acted on by an enzyme

53
Q

Enzymes

A

Specialized protein that catalysts the chemical reactions of a cell

54
Q

Active site

A

Region if an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits

55
Q

Density of ice

A

Low so can float

56
Q

Atomos

A

Greek for indivisible

57
Q

What are the 4 molecules of life?

A

Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleus acid

58
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Main source of energy for the human. Also makes cell walls

59
Q

Where is carbohydrates found in?

A

Plant( cell walls)

Milk

60
Q

Carbohydrates monomer?

A

Glucose

61
Q

Carbohydrates polymer

A

Polysaccharide

62
Q

Lipids monomer

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

63
Q

Lipids polymer

A

Triglyceride( fat or oil)

64
Q

Function of lipids

A

Stores energy

Insulates body to normal temperature

65
Q

What are lipids found in?

A

Steroids
Earwax
Fruit wax
Animals

66
Q

Proteins polymer

A

Amino acid chain

67
Q

Proteins monomer

A

Amino acid

68
Q

Function if proteins

A

Structural molecule
Antibodies
Hormones
ENZYMES

69
Q

Where are proteins found?

A

Cell membranes
Animal products
Plant foods

71
Q

Monomer of nucleic acids

A

Base

Nitrogenous

72
Q

Polymer of nucleic acids

A

DNA

RNA

72
Q

Nucleic acids are found in…

A

Nucleus of cells

73
Q

Functions of nucleic acids

A

Genetic makeup

74
Q

Different types of carbohydrates

A 
Monosaccharides
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Starch 
Glycogen 
Celluose
75
Q

Macromolecule

A

Every large molecule consisting of many atoms

76
Q

What can too much fat do to your health?

A

The fat can lead to heart problems

77
Q

What can too much carbohydrates do to your body?

A

Can lead to some cardiovascular or blood vessel diseases.

78
Q

How are proteins constructed?

A

20 different monomers called amino acids combine to form a polypeptide

79
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemical that speeds up chemical reaction

80
Q

What can denaturation do to proteins?

A

Proteins deform and can’t fold properly causing the shapes to be lost

Molecules Of Life (7 decks)

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