Chapter 4 Flashcards
Constitutional isomers
Butane vs isobutane
Differ in the way atoms are connected to eachother
A primary carbon is one that is
1 other carbon
A tertiary carbon is boned to
3 other carbons
True or false
Hydrogens attached to carbons also carry the primary/secondary nomanclature
true
Butane has how many constitutional isomers?
2
Decane has how many constitutional isomers?
75
nonane has how many constitutional isomers
35
octane has how many constitutional isomers
18
hexane has how many constitutional isomers
5
pentane has how many constitutional isomers
3
heptane has how many constitutional isomers
9
If there are two chains of equal length, pick the chain with _____ substituents
more
Number the atoms in the carbon chain to give the first substituent the _______ number
lowest
If the first substituent is the same distance from both ends, number the chain to give the second substituent the _____ number.
lower
If the numbers are the same from either end of the chain, assign the lower to the substituent that came _______ in the alphabet
earlier
For multiple identical substituents, us ___ for two, ___ for three, ____ for four
di-
tri-
tetra-
Name CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3
5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane
In cyclohexane you only count the atoms in the ring after cyclo-
true dat
For two different substituents, number the ring to assign the lower number to the substituent that comes _____ in the alphabet
earlier
If the number of carbons in the ring is greater than or equal to the number of carbons in the longest open chain, the compound is named as cycloalkane.
example: 1-cyclobutylhexane
Basically use the base number of the chain before the cyclo- group, instead of the other way around
Alkanes have _____ boiling points compared to more polar compounds of comparable size
lower
Boiling point increases as the number of carbons _______ because of increased surface area
increased
Increasing surface area means _____ boiling point
increasing
Branching causes ____ boiling point
lower
increasing strength of intermolecular forces _______ melting point
increases
Increasing number of carbons ______ melting point
increases
Increasing branching _______ melting point
increases
Conformations are different arrangments of atoms that are iterconverted by rotation about single bonds. A particular conformation is called a ______
conformer
_____ conformation: C-H bonds on one carbon are aligned with C-H bonds on adjacent carbon.
Eclipsed
_______ Conformation: C-H bonds on one carbon bisect the H-C-H bond angle on adjacent carbon
Staggered
Rotating about the C-C bond by __degrees converts an eclipsed conformation into a staggered conformation, and vice versa
60
_____ strain is an increase in energy when bond angles deviate from the optimum tetrahedral angle of 109.5/
Angle
Angle strain occurs in _____ internal angle cyclo hexanes as well as _____ internal angles
small
large
