Chapter 4

Question 1

Constitutional isomers

Butane vs isobutane

Answer 1

Differ in the way atoms are connected to eachother

Question 2

A primary carbon is one that is

Answer 2

1 other carbon

Question 3

A tertiary carbon is boned to

Answer 3

3 other carbons

Question 4

True or false

Hydrogens attached to carbons also carry the primary/secondary nomanclature

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Butane has how many constitutional isomers?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

Decane has how many constitutional isomers?

Answer 6

75

Question 7

nonane has how many constitutional isomers

Answer 7

35

Question 8

octane has how many constitutional isomers

Answer 8

18

Question 9

hexane has how many constitutional isomers

Answer 9

5

Question 10

pentane has how many constitutional isomers

Answer 10

3

Question 11

heptane has how many constitutional isomers

Answer 11

9

Question 12

If there are two chains of equal length, pick the chain with _____ substituents

Answer 12

more

Question 13

Number the atoms in the carbon chain to give the first substituent the _______ number

Answer 13

lowest

Question 14

If the first substituent is the same distance from both ends, number the chain to give the second substituent the _____ number.

Answer 14

lower

Question 15

If the numbers are the same from either end of the chain, assign the lower to the substituent that came _______ in the alphabet

Answer 15

earlier

Question 16

For multiple identical substituents, us ___ for two, ___ for three, ____ for four

Answer 16

di-
tri-
tetra-

Question 17

Name CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3

Answer 17

5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyloctane

Question 18

In cyclohexane you only count the atoms in the ring after cyclo-

Answer 18

true dat

Question 19

For two different substituents, number the ring to assign the lower number to the substituent that comes _____ in the alphabet

Answer 19

earlier

Question 20

If the number of carbons in the ring is greater than or equal to the number of carbons in the longest open chain, the compound is named as cycloalkane.

example: 1-cyclobutylhexane

Answer 20

Basically use the base number of the chain before the cyclo- group, instead of the other way around

Question 21

Alkanes have _____ boiling points compared to more polar compounds of comparable size

Answer 21

lower

Question 22

Boiling point increases as the number of carbons _______ because of increased surface area

Answer 22

increased

Question 23

Increasing surface area means _____ boiling point

Answer 23

increasing

Question 24

Branching causes ____ boiling point

Answer 24

lower

Question 25

increasing strength of intermolecular forces _______ melting point

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

Increasing number of carbons ______ melting point

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

Increasing branching _______ melting point

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

Conformations are different arrangments of atoms that are iterconverted by rotation about single bonds. A particular conformation is called a ______

Answer 28

conformer

Question 29

_____ conformation: C-H bonds on one carbon are aligned with C-H bonds on adjacent carbon.

Answer 29

Eclipsed

Question 30

_______ Conformation: C-H bonds on one carbon bisect the H-C-H bond angle on adjacent carbon

Answer 30

Staggered

Question 31

Rotating about the C-C bond by __degrees converts an eclipsed conformation into a staggered conformation, and vice versa

Answer 31

60

Question 32

_____ strain is an increase in energy when bond angles deviate from the optimum tetrahedral angle of 109.5/

Answer 32

Angle

Question 33

Angle strain occurs in _____ internal angle cyclo hexanes as well as _____ internal angles

Answer 33

small

large