Chapter 1 Flashcards
Organic Chemistry is the Chemistry of ____-containing compounds
Carbon
Elements in the same row are similar in ____
Size
Elements in the same column have (disimilar/similar) electronic and chemical properties
similar
_____: spherical; lower in energy than other orbitals of the same shell.
s-orbital
_____: dumbbell shape; higher in energy than an s-orbital.
p-orbital
____ ____s—mathematical descriptions of where the electrons (e-) go
Each can hold up to 2 e-
atomic orbitals
____-Row Elements: electrons fill 1s orbital
first
______-Row Elements: electrons also fill 2s and three 2p orbitals.
second
Maximum of _ valence e- for elements in second row.
8
___ ___ result from the transfer of e- from one element to another, leading to electrostatic attraction of a cation and an anion.
ionic bonds
Ionic bonds occur, e.g., when elements on the far __ side of the periodic table combine with those on the far ___ side.
left
right
Atoms of ___-row elements can have no more than eight valence e-.
2nd
Atoms with one, two, or three valence e- form one, two, or three ____, respectively
bonds
Atoms with four or more valence e- (C, N, O, F) form enough bonds to give an octet.
true or false?
true
Lone pairs contribute to octets for N, O and ______
halogens
Number of valence e- = ____ _____
group number
Number of e- “owned” is determined by number of ____ and lone pairs.( so 1 lone pair is 2 and 1 bond is 1)
bonds
Formal charge=
(Valence num)-(number of bonds) -(non-bonding e’s)
Isomers are:
Different molecules that have the same molecular formula
Resonance structures have the (same/different) placement of atoms but the (Same/different) arrangement of electrons.
Same
Different
Resonance hybrids are depicted
with dotted lines for differing bonds and dipole directions on each atom that would have dipole is a given resonance structure.
