Chapter 3 Flashcards
Heteroatoms are:
atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
Pie bonds occur
when you have delocalization caused by double or triple bonds.
Function groups determine a molecule’s _______, ____ properties, and ______
geometry, physical reactivity
(pie/delta) bonds are easily broken in reactions
pi
Pie bonds cause ,molecules to have slight (acidity/basicity)
basicity
Functional groups: Alkane
R-H, contains a single bond Example: CH3CH3
Functional groups: Alkene
R=H contains a double bond Example CH2=CH2
Functional groups: Alkyne
R=-H contains a triple bond example: CH=-CH
Functional groups: Aromatic compounds
Rings example: Benzene Group name: Phenyl
When benzene (or other aromatics) are attached to another compound, they are called ___ groups
phenyl
Functional groups: Alyl Halide
R-X (x=halogen) Example: Ch3-Br Functional group names: Halo group
Functional groups: Alcohol
R-OH Group name hydroxy, -OH
Functional groups: Ether
R-O-R
Functional groups: Amine
R-NH2/R2NH/R3N example: CH3-NH2 Group name: Amino group, -NH2
Functional groups: Thiol
R-SH Example:Ch3-SH Group name: mercapto, -SH
Functional groups: Sulfide
R-S-R Example: CH3-S-Ch3 Group name: Alkylthio group, -SR
Functional groups:
group name
Functional groups: Aldehyde
Carbonyl group
Functional groups:
Group name
Functional groups: Ketone
carbonyl
Functional groups:
Group name
Functional groups: Carboxylic acid
Carboxy group
Functional groups:
Name?
Functional groups: Ester
Group- COOR, Ester
Functional groups:
Functional groups: Amide
Functional groups:
Functional groups: Acid chloride
Van der Waals forces are:
An intermolecular force that is caused by momentary dipoles. It is stronger in molecules with greater surface area, but is the weakest intermolecular force.
Dipole-Dipole interactions:
Created by polar molecules, they align dipoles and create a chain of sorts, relativly strong intermolecular force.
Hydrogen bonding
A dipole-dipole interaction that involves hydrogen bonded to N, O, or F. It’s a stronger dipole-dipole interaction because of the large electronegativity difference.
Ion-Ion forces
Very strong forces present in ionic compounds.
Weakest intermolecular forces to strongest:
Van der Waals<dipole-dipole>
</dipole-dipole>
Increasing strength of intermolecular forces ______ boiling point
increases
Increasing strength of intermolecular forces _______ melting point
increases
Like compoounds dissolve in each other
absorb
An organic compound is water soluable if it contains _ polar functional gorup
at least 1
The non-polar part of the molecule that is not attracted to H2O is called ______
hydrophobic
The polar part of the molecule that can hydogen bond to H2O is called ______
hydrophyillic
R-H, contains a single bond Example: CH3CH3
Functional groups: Alkane
R=H contains a double bond Example CH2=CH2
Functional groups: Alkene
R=-H contains a triple bond example: CH=-CH
Functional groups: Alkyne
Rings example: Benzene Group name: Phenyl
Functional groups: Aromatic compounds
