Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q
Vision: Eye
Audition: Ear
Taste: Tongue
Touch: Body
Olfactory: Nose
A

Five senses

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2
Q

Receiving (sensing) physical signals

A

Sensation

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3
Q

Receptors that convert physical energy to electrical signals

A

Transduction

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4
Q

Part of the eye containing transparent cells that bends light to go to the retina

A

Cornea

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5
Q

Circular hole through which light enters the eye. Pupils dilate when we try to process complex info.

A

Pupil

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6
Q

Changes curvature to keep image in focus. Bends light and is completely transparent, allowing light to pass through

A

Lens

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7
Q

Responsible for converting light into neural activity

A

Retina

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8
Q

Central portion of the retina and is responsible for acuity, sharpness of vision

A

Fovea

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9
Q

Nerve that travels from the retina to the brain. Contains axons of ganglion cells

A

Optic Nerve

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10
Q

Parts of the visual field we can􏰀t see because of the absence of rods and cones

A

Blind spots

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11
Q

Photoreceptor cells in the retina allowing us to see low levels of light. Long and narrow allowing us to see basic shapes and forms. Located in receptor cells in retina. Sensitive to movement and vision in dim light

A

Rods

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12
Q

Photoreceptor cells in the retina allowing us to see in color. Less numerous than rods. Used in daylight vision and not as sensitive to light. Good for spatial vision

A

Cones

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13
Q

Lowest level of a stimulus needed for the nervous system to detect a change 50% of the time.

A

Absolute threshold

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14
Q

The smallest change in the intensity of a stimulus that we can detect. i.e. when you can start hearing music on iPod

A

Just Noticeable Difference(JND)

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15
Q

There is a constant proportional relationship between the JND and original stimulus

A

Weber’s Law

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16
Q

Theory regarding how stimuli are detected under different condition

A

Signal Detection Theory

17
Q

Time in dark before rods regain max light sensitivity

A

Dark Adaptation

18
Q

The ability to attend to many senses at the same time

A

Parallel Processing

19
Q

Conceptually driven processing influenced by beliefs and expectancies. Starts with
association cortex to visual cortex

A

Top-Down Processing

20
Q

A whole is constructed by many parts. Starts with primary visual cortex to association
cortex

A

Bottom-Up Processing

21
Q

Process of selecting one sensory channel and ignoring others. Biases and personalities
contribute to false alarms or misses, response bias or observer bias. A liberal response bias would produce many
false alarms

A

Selective Attention

22
Q

Failure to detect stimuli that are in plain sight when our attention is focused elsewhere

A

Intention Blindness

23
Q

Sets formed when expectations influence perceptions

A

Perceptual Set

24
Q

The brain􏰀s interpretation of raw sensory inputs

A

Perception

25
Q

A figure can produce multiple illusions. Brain tries to figure out what the image is exactly.

A

Bi-Stable Figures

26
Q

Idea that color vision is based on our sensitivity to 3 primary colors. Coincides with theory
regarding 3 kinds of cones, each maximally sensitive to different wavelengths of light

A

Trichromatic Theory

27
Q

Theory that we perceive colors in terms of 3 pairs of opponent colors; red & green,
blue & yellow, or black & white. After images arise from the visual cortex􏰀s processing of information from our rods and cones

A

Bi-Stable Figures

28
Q

The process by which we perceive stimuli consistently across varied conditions. Several forms: Size, shape, and color

A

Perceptual Constancy

29
Q

Rules governing how we perceive objects as wholes within their overall context. Provide roadmap for how we make sense of our perceptual worlds

A

Gestalt Principles

30
Q

Stimuli that enable us to judge depth using only one eye

A

Monocular Depth Cues

31
Q

Stimuli that enables us to judge depth using both eyes

A

Binocular Depth Cues

32
Q

When the moon looks like its closer to the Earth, when it really is all in the current position in the
moon

A

Moon Illusion

33
Q

Room is shaped oddly like picture

A

Ames Room

34
Q

The processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious

A

Subliminal Perception

35
Q

Sub-threshold influences over our votes, product choices and life decisions. i.e. weight loss books

A

Subliminal Persuasion