Chapter 3

Question 1

Study of the relationship between the brain and behavior/mental processes. Includes perception, memory, emotions/feelings, language, & thought

Answer 1

Biological psychology

Question 2

Fundamental assumption of biological psychology

Answer 2

Anima brains provide a model not a replica

Question 3

Nerve cell specialized for communication.
Functioning of brain depends on cross talk of neurons. Neurons contain about 100 billion neurons and 160 trillion connections

Answer 3

Neuron

Question 4

Extensions on neurons. Spread out to 􏰂listen􏰃 in on inform from neighboring neurons and pass it on to the cell body.

Answer 4

Dendrites

Question 5

Cell body that contains the nucleus

Answer 5

Soma

Question 6

Very thin, long, tail-like extensions protruding
from the cell body. Sends signals and creates trigger
zone. Incased in myelin sheath.

Answer 6

Axons

Question 7

Information is conveyed into other

cells form here

Answer 7

Terminal fields

Question 8

Protective covering of axons

Answer 8

Myelin sheath

Question 9

1. Electrical impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitters. When this occurs, the neuron is either firing or not firing.
2. Originate in trigger cells of cell body and continue down axon to axon terminal Positive charged particles flow rapidly into axon and quickly out causing a spike in positive charge and sudden decrease in charge. Inside charge ends up slightly negative to original resting value.
3. When electrical charge reaches axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters – chemical messages - - into a synapse

Answer 9

Steps Involved in Neural Impulse (Action Potential)

Question 10

Electrical charge difference (-60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated or inhibited. More negative particles inside than outside the neuron.

Answer 10

Resting potential

Question 11

Back part of the cerebral cortex responsible for vision

Answer 11

Occipital lobe

Question 12

Object recognition as well as hearing, understanding, language and memory. Is separated from the rest of the context by lateral fissure.

Answer 12

Temporal lobe

Question 13

Part of the cortex devoted to hearing

Answer 13

Auditory cortex

Question 14

Language area of temporal responsible for understanding speech

Answer 14

Wernicke’s Area

Question 15

Defect in the ability to recognize objects

Answer 15

Agnosia

Question 16

Disability in detecting faces

Answer 16

Prospagnosia

Question 17

Spatial attention specializing in touch and perception

Answer 17

Parietal lobe

Question 18

Sensitive to touch, including pressure, pain, and temperature

Answer 18

Somatosensory cortex

Question 19

Capability to feel lost limb

Answer 19

Phantom Limb Syndrome

Question 20

Neglect of half of space following injury to parietal cortex on one side of brain

Answer 20

Neglect syndrome

Question 21

“executive function”

Answer 21

Frontal lobe

Question 22

Language area in the prefrontal cortex responsible for speech production

Answer 22

Broca’s Area

Question 23

Responsible for body movement

Answer 23

Motor cortex

Question 24

Emotional center of the brain that processes internal states. SMELL!

Answer 24

Limbic System

Question 25

Key roles in fear, excitement, and arousal

Answer 25

Amygdala

Question 26

Gateway from the sense organs to primary sensory cortex. Main door to limbic system organs

Answer 26

Thalamus

Question 27

Region below the Midbrain that contains the organs of the brain stem

Answer 27

Hindbrain

Question 28

Responsible for our sense of balance and enables us to coordinate movement and learn motor skills. Contributes to executive, spatial and linguistic abilities

Answer 28

Cerebellum

Question 29

Connects the cortex with the cerebellum. Dreams

Answer 29

Pons

Question 30

Involved in heartbeat and breathing

Answer 30

Medulla

Question 31

Large band of fibers connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres. Allows for communication between both lobes of brain.

Answer 31

Corpus Collosum

Question 32

Helps control movement. Allows us to perform movements to obtain reward.

Answer 32

Basil Ganglia

Question 33

Manufactures adrenaline and cortisol, emergency glands.

Answer 33

Adrenal gland

Question 34

Regulates vlood pressure and cardiovascular functions

Answer 34

Cortisol

Question 35

Rapid, unconscious processing of visual information in the peripheral visual field

Answer 35

Spatial attention

Question 36

The brain's capacity to change aspects of its structure of function based on experience, or in response to injury.

Answer 36

Plasticity

Question 37

Red, green, yellow, blue, black test. Demonstrates that the frontal lobe is able to control certain words and things we want to say.

Answer 37

Stroop test

Question 38

How very small synaptic currents translate into a new nerve impulse in the postsynaptic cell. If the sum of a synaptic current exceeds a certain threshold, a nerve impulse will be generated.

Answer 38

Synaptic Integration

Question 39

How many positive and negative currents are reaching a particular point in the postsynaptic cell

Answer 39

Spatial summation

Question 40

The frequency of the currents

Answer 40

Temporal Summation

Question 41

Are released from presynaptic cell into the postsynaptic cell.

Answer 41

Neurotransmitters

Question 42

Related neurotransmitters are serotonin & noepinephrine. Block reuptake of neurotransmitter Plasticity: The brain􏰀s capacity to change aspects of its structure or function based on experience, or in response to injury. Four processes involved in plasticity: molecules. Prozac keeps more serotonin around.

Answer 42

Depression

Question 43

Cells that fire together, wire together

Answer 43

Hebb's Rule

Question 44

A cellular phenomenon with high frequency stimulation increasing the ability of cell A to fire cell B. There are two stages, induction and maintenance

Answer 44

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

Question 45

Showed how difficult it was to remember episodic memories with a disorder called Amnesia.

Answer 45

Henry Molaison

Question 46

A type of long term memory that is the conscious memory for information and facts. There are two forms: Semantic and episodic memory

Answer 46

Declarative memory

Question 47

helps develop and form new memories. Helps us learn by looking at cues to remember where something is

Answer 47

Hippocampus

Question 48

Cells that produce high frequency of nerve impulses when an animal is situated in a particular place

Answer 48

Place cells

Question 49

When you see something in your right side you won􏰀t see it if that part of the brain is unusable

Answer 49

Split-brain effect