Chapter 4

Question 1

rational–emotive behavior therapy

Answer 1

An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients’ patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior.

Question 2

Procrastination

Answer 2

The tendency to delay tackling tasks until the last minute

Question 3

Mourning

Answer 3

Formal practices of an individual and a community in response to a death

Question 4

Meditation

Answer 4

A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a non–analytical way

Question 5

Learned Helplessness

Answer 5

Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Question 6

Internet Addiction

Answer 6

Spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and inability to control online use

Question 7

Forgiveness

Answer 7

Counteracting the natural tendencies to seek vengeance or avoid an offender, thereby releasing this person from further liability for his or her transgression

Question 8

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 8

The ability to monitor, assess, express, or regulate one’s emotions; the capacity to identify, interpret, and understand others’ emotions; and the ability to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions

Question 9

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 9

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Question 10

Death System

Answer 10

The collection of rituals and procedures used by a culture to handle death

Question 11

Death Anxiety

Answer 11

Fear and apprehension about one’s own death.

Question 12

Coping

Answer 12

Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

Question 13

Constructive Coping

Answer 13

Efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful

Question 14

Catharsis

Answer 14

The release of emotional tension

Question 15

Catastrophic thinking

Answer 15

Unrealistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems

Question 16

Brainstorming

Answer 16

Generating as many ideas as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation

Question 17

Bereavement

Answer 17

The painful loss of a loved one through death.

Question 18

Agression

Answer 18

Any behavior intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally

Question 19

The beneficial relaxation often seen in meditation:

a. is unique to religion-based techniques.

b. is best considered a type of catharsis.	
c. often results in elevated levels of arousal.	
d. can also be seen with other relaxation training procedures.

Answer 19

D

Question 20

The most common strategy in the U.S. for coping with death is:

a. socializing with friends and family.

b. adopting a nihilistic attitude.	
c. getting a facelift.	
d. avoidance

Answer 20

d

Question 21

Constructive coping is aimed at:

a. changing one

’

s interpretation of stressful events.

b. the stressful situation itself.	
c. managing emotional distress.	
d. all of these.

Answer 21

D

Question 22

Mental health professionals suggest coping with grief by:

a. seeking social support.

b. caring for your own emotional needs.	
c. caring for your own physical needs.	
d. all of these

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Research suggests that forgiving is an effective ________-focused coping strategy.

a. emotion

b. problem	
c. solution	
d. interpersonal

Answer 23

A

Question 24

According to D’Zurilla and Sheedy, the first step in systematic problem-solving is:

a. taking action.

b. clarifying the problem.	
c. selecting a course of action.

Answer 24

B

Question 25

In order to achieve increased effectiveness, one must learn to schedule important tasks: a. first every day. b. at the end of each day. c. at the times of personal energy and productiveness. d. with a lot of flexibility.

Answer 25

C

Question 26

________ is the painful loss of a loved one and ________ is a formal practice in response to a death. a. Grief; bereavement b. Bereavement; grief c. Mourning; bereavement d. Bereavement; mourning

Answer 26

D

Question 27

According to Albert Ellis, our emotional reactions to life events result mainly from: a. our activation level at the time. b. our appraisals of the events. c. the consequences of the events. d. congruence between events and expectations.

Answer 27

B

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of positive reinterpretation? a. Cutting your losses b. Learning the hard way c. Comparing yourself to those who are better off d. Looking for something good in a bad experience

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Experimental research indicates that aggressive behavior: a. is basically uncontrollable. b. does not reliably lead to catharsis. c. is often adaptive in interpersonal relationships. d. is an instinctual approach for dealing with frustration.

Answer 29

B

Question 30

Which of the following assertions is supported by research on the cathartic effects of media violence? A. Playing violent video games is related to increased aggression. B. Playing violent video games releases pent-up hostility. C. Playing violent video games is related to increased prosocial behavior. D. Playing violent video games decreases physiological arousal.

Answer 30

a

Question 31

Richard feels sure that he failed his calculus exam and that he will have to retake the course. He is very upset. When he gets home, he orders a jumbo-size pizza and drinks two six-packs of beer. Richardd's behavior illustrates which of the following coping strategies? A. Catastrophic thinking B. Defensive coping C. Self-indulgence D. Positive reinterpretation

Answer 31

C

Question 32

Defense mechanisms involve the use of ________ to guard against negative _________ A. Self-deception, behaviors B. Self-deception, emotions C. Self-denial, behaviors D. Self-denial, emotions

Answer 32

B

Question 33

When studying defensive illusions, Taylor and Brown found that "normal" people's self-images tend to be _______; depressed people's tend to be _________ A. Accurate, inaccurate B. Less favorable, more favorable C. Overly favorable, more realistic D. More realistic, overly favorable

Answer 33

C

Question 34

According to Albert Ellis, people's emotional reactions to life events result mainly from A. Their arousal level at the time B. Their beliefs about the events. C. Congruence between events and expectations D. The consequences following events.

Answer 34

B

Question 35

Brainstorming is associate with which of the following appraisal-focused coping strategies? A. Systematic problem solving B. Catastrophic thinking C. Positive reinterpretation D. Self-enhancing humor

Answer 35

A

Question 36

Wanda works at a software firm. Today her boss unfairly blamed her for the fact that a new program is way behind schedule. The unjustified public criticism really had an impact on Wanda. Later that evening, she went for a long run to get her anger under control. Wanda is engaging in which category of coping? A. Self-focused coping B. Appraisal-focused coping C. Problem-focused coping D. Emotion-focused coping

Answer 36

D

Question 37

REasearch by James Pennebaker and his colleagues suggest that wellness is promoted by A. Depending on more mature defense mechanisms. B. Strong self-criticism C. Writing about one's traumatic experiences D. Inhibiting the expression of anger.

Answer 37

C

Question 38

Which of the following is an emotion-focused coping strategy that provides an outlet for frustration, a distraction from the stressor, and benefits to physical and psychological health? A. Systematic problem solving B. Defensive coping C. Benefit finding D. Exercise

Answer 38

D

Question 39

What of the following is not listed in your text as a cause of wasted time? A. Inability to set priorities B. Inability to work diligently C. Inability to delegate responsibility D. Inability to throw things away

Answer 39

B

Question 40

Benson's Four Factors for relaxation response

Answer 40

1. Quiet Environment 2. Mental Device 3. Passive Attitude 4. Comfortable position

Question 41

Harold koenig

Answer 41

Spirituality is a means of coping with stress

Question 42

Shelly Taylor

Answer 42

Defensive illusions

Question 43

Martin Seligman

Answer 43

Giving up syndrome