Chapter 4 Flashcards
rational–emotive behavior therapy
An approach to therapy that focuses on altering clients’ patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behavior.
Procrastination
The tendency to delay tackling tasks until the last minute
Mourning
Formal practices of an individual and a community in response to a death
Meditation
A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a non–analytical way
Learned Helplessness
Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events
Internet Addiction
Spending an inordinate amount of time on the Internet and inability to control online use
Forgiveness
Counteracting the natural tendencies to seek vengeance or avoid an offender, thereby releasing this person from further liability for his or her transgression
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to monitor, assess, express, or regulate one’s emotions; the capacity to identify, interpret, and understand others’ emotions; and the ability to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions
Defense Mechanisms
Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
Death System
The collection of rituals and procedures used by a culture to handle death
Death Anxiety
Fear and apprehension about one’s own death.
Coping
Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress
Constructive Coping
Efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful
Catharsis
The release of emotional tension
Catastrophic thinking
Unrealistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems
Brainstorming
Generating as many ideas as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation
Bereavement
The painful loss of a loved one through death.
Agression
Any behavior intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally
The beneficial relaxation often seen in meditation:
a. is unique to religion-based techniques.
b. is best considered a type of catharsis. c. often results in elevated levels of arousal. d. can also be seen with other relaxation training procedures.
D
The most common strategy in the U.S. for coping with death is:
a. socializing with friends and family.
b. adopting a nihilistic attitude. c. getting a facelift. d. avoidance
d
Constructive coping is aimed at:
a. changing one
’
s interpretation of stressful events.
b. the stressful situation itself. c. managing emotional distress. d. all of these.
D
Mental health professionals suggest coping with grief by:
a. seeking social support.
b. caring for your own emotional needs. c. caring for your own physical needs. d. all of these
D
Research suggests that forgiving is an effective ________-focused coping strategy.
a. emotion
b. problem c. solution d. interpersonal
A
According to D’Zurilla and Sheedy, the first step in systematic problem-solving is:
a. taking action.
b. clarifying the problem. c. selecting a course of action.
B
In order to achieve increased effectiveness, one must learn to schedule important tasks:
a. first every day.
b. at the end of each day. c. at the times of personal energy and productiveness. d. with a lot of flexibility.
C
________ is the painful loss of a loved one and ________ is a formal practice in response to a death.
a. Grief; bereavement
b. Bereavement; grief c. Mourning; bereavement d. Bereavement; mourning
D
According to Albert Ellis, our emotional reactions to life events result mainly from:
a. our activation level at the time.
b. our appraisals of the events. c. the consequences of the events. d. congruence between events and expectations.
B
Which of the following is an example of positive reinterpretation?
a. Cutting your losses
b. Learning the hard way c. Comparing yourself to those who are better off d. Looking for something good in a bad experience
D
Experimental research indicates that aggressive behavior:
a. is basically uncontrollable.
b. does not reliably lead to catharsis. c. is often adaptive in interpersonal relationships. d. is an instinctual approach for dealing with frustration.
B
Which of the following assertions is supported by research on the cathartic effects of media violence?
A. Playing violent video games is related to increased aggression.
B. Playing violent video games releases pent-up hostility.
C. Playing violent video games is related to increased prosocial behavior.
D. Playing violent video games decreases physiological arousal.
a
Richard feels sure that he failed his calculus exam and that he will have to retake the course. He is very upset. When he gets home, he orders a jumbo-size pizza and drinks two six-packs of beer. Richardd’s behavior illustrates which of the following coping strategies?
A. Catastrophic thinking
B. Defensive coping
C. Self-indulgence
D. Positive reinterpretation
C
Defense mechanisms involve the use of ________ to guard against negative _________
A. Self-deception, behaviors
B. Self-deception, emotions
C. Self-denial, behaviors
D. Self-denial, emotions
B
When studying defensive illusions, Taylor and Brown found that “normal” people’s self-images tend to be _______; depressed people’s tend to be _________
A. Accurate, inaccurate
B. Less favorable, more favorable
C. Overly favorable, more realistic
D. More realistic, overly favorable
C
According to Albert Ellis, people’s emotional reactions to life events result mainly from
A. Their arousal level at the time
B. Their beliefs about the events.
C. Congruence between events and expectations
D. The consequences following events.
B
Brainstorming is associate with which of the following appraisal-focused coping strategies?
A. Systematic problem solving
B. Catastrophic thinking
C. Positive reinterpretation
D. Self-enhancing humor
A
Wanda works at a software firm. Today her boss unfairly blamed her for the fact that a new program is way behind schedule. The unjustified public criticism really had an impact on Wanda. Later that evening, she went for a long run to get her anger under control. Wanda is engaging in which category of coping?
A. Self-focused coping
B. Appraisal-focused coping
C. Problem-focused coping
D. Emotion-focused coping
D
REasearch by James Pennebaker and his colleagues suggest that wellness is promoted by
A. Depending on more mature defense mechanisms.
B. Strong self-criticism
C. Writing about one’s traumatic experiences
D. Inhibiting the expression of anger.
C
Which of the following is an emotion-focused coping strategy that provides an outlet for frustration, a distraction from the stressor, and benefits to physical and psychological health?
A. Systematic problem solving
B. Defensive coping
C. Benefit finding
D. Exercise
D
What of the following is not listed in your text as a cause of wasted time?
A. Inability to set priorities
B. Inability to work diligently
C. Inability to delegate responsibility
D. Inability to throw things away
B
Benson’s Four Factors for relaxation response
- Quiet Environment 2. Mental Device 3. Passive Attitude 4. Comfortable position
Harold koenig
Spirituality is a means of coping with stress
Shelly Taylor
Defensive illusions
Martin Seligman
Giving up syndrome
