Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the site of synthesis of thyrotropin (TSH)/thyroid stimulating hormone?
Thyrotrope cells of the adenohypophysis
What is the function of thyrotropin?
Stimulates the development and maintenance of the thyroid gland and the secretion of thyroxine
What happens without thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Nonfunctioning thyroid gland
What are the “BIG FOUR” that make up the secondary functions of the thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Increase metabolism,plasma glucose, blood pressure, and the immune response
What is the extra function of thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Increased memory
What two hormones control the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Thyroliberin (TRF) and thyrostatin (TIF)
What is the site of synthesis for ACTH?
POMC cells (proopiomelanocortin of the adenohypophysis)
What is the primary function of ACTH?
Stimulate the development and maintenance of the adrenal gland and secretion of cortisol
What is the most powerful hormone controller of the adrenal gland?
ACTH
What is the secondary function of ACTH?
BIG FOUR minus immune response: increased metabolism, blood pressure, and plasma glucose
What are two extra functions of ACTH?
Increased memory and pigmentation
What effect does ACTH have on the immune response?
Decrease
What is the most powerful liberator of ACTH?
Corticoliberin
What is the most powerful inhibitor of ACTH?
Corticostatin
What hormones regulate ACTH?
Corticoliberin, corticostatin, melanoliberin, melanostatin
What is the primary function of luteotropin/prolactin?
Stimulates the development of mammary glands and milk production
What other hormone besides luteotropin/prolactin also stimulates the development of mammary glands?
STH (GH)
What is the secondary function of luteotropin/prolactin?
BIG 4 (increased blood pressure, plasma glucose, immune response, and metabolism)
Excessive amounts of luteotropin/prolactin has what effect on reproduction?
Decrease
Luteotopin/prolactin has what effect on androgens?
Increased secretion
Luteotropin/prolactin has what effect on the growth of children?
Stimulates
How does luteotropin/prolactin decrease reproduction?
Decrease gamete development, decrease sex hormones
High levels of what hormone can be a form of natural birth control in mothers who are breastfeeding?
Luteotropin/prolactin
What hormones control the secretion of luteotropin/prolactin?
Prolactostatin/Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) aka luteostatin, prolactoliberin/prolactin releasing factor (PRF) aka luteoliberin, and substance P
What is the primary function of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Stimulate the gonads to produce gametes
What specifically is stimulated in males by FSH?
Seminiferous tubules to produce spermatozoa
What specifically is stimulated in females by FSH?
Ovaries to produce ova
What controls the secretion of FSH?
Follicle releasing factor (FRF), follicle inhibiting factor (FIF), gonadoliberin (GnRF), gonadostatin (GnIF), pheromones, endorphins, excess luteotropin, melatonin
Activin stimulates the secretion of ONLY what hormone?
FSH
What controls the secretion of activin?
Amount of FSH and gametes
What hormone participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle?
Activin
Inhibin decreases the secretion of ONLY what hormone?
FSH
What is the primary function of melanotropin?
Stimulate pigmentation
What is the secondary function of melanotropin?
BIG 4 (and increased memory)
What controls the secretion of melanotropin?
Melanostatin, melanoliberin, corticoliberin, corticostatin
What is the primary function of endorphins?
Decrease pain stimuli
How do endorphins decrease pain stimuli?
Decrease the synthesis and function of substance P
What effect do endorphins have on reproduction?
Decrease
Where is the site of synthesis for endorphins?
POMC cells (adenohypophysis), placenta, thalamus, spinal cord, hypothalamus
What is the secondary function of endorphins?
Increase appetite, immune response, and oxygen transport
Endorphins decrease the secretion of what hormones?
Thyrotropin stimulating hormone, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin (TSH, ADH, OT)
What controls the secretion of endorphins?
Pain stimuli, stress, psychological, strenuous exercise
Which is more powerful at reducing pain: morphine or endorphins?
Endorphins (100X)
Which hormones increase memory?
MSH, ACTH, TSH