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Endocrinology Exam One > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the site of synthesis of thyrotropin (TSH)/thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Thyrotrope cells of the adenohypophysis

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2
Q

What is the function of thyrotropin?

A

Stimulates the development and maintenance of the thyroid gland and the secretion of thyroxine

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3
Q

What happens without thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A

Nonfunctioning thyroid gland

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4
Q

What are the “BIG FOUR” that make up the secondary functions of the thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A

Increase metabolism,plasma glucose, blood pressure, and the immune response

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5
Q

What is the extra function of thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A

Increased memory

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6
Q

What two hormones control the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A

Thyroliberin (TRF) and thyrostatin (TIF)

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7
Q

What is the site of synthesis for ACTH?

A

POMC cells (proopiomelanocortin of the adenohypophysis)

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8
Q

What is the primary function of ACTH?

A

Stimulate the development and maintenance of the adrenal gland and secretion of cortisol

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9
Q

What is the most powerful hormone controller of the adrenal gland?

A

ACTH

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10
Q

What is the secondary function of ACTH?

A

BIG FOUR minus immune response: increased metabolism, blood pressure, and plasma glucose

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11
Q

What are two extra functions of ACTH?

A

Increased memory and pigmentation

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12
Q

What effect does ACTH have on the immune response?

A

Decrease

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13
Q

What is the most powerful liberator of ACTH?

A

Corticoliberin

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14
Q

What is the most powerful inhibitor of ACTH?

A

Corticostatin

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15
Q

What hormones regulate ACTH?

A

Corticoliberin, corticostatin, melanoliberin, melanostatin

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16
Q

What is the primary function of luteotropin/prolactin?

A

Stimulates the development of mammary glands and milk production

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17
Q

What other hormone besides luteotropin/prolactin also stimulates the development of mammary glands?

A

STH (GH)

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18
Q

What is the secondary function of luteotropin/prolactin?

A

BIG 4 (increased blood pressure, plasma glucose, immune response, and metabolism)

19
Q

Excessive amounts of luteotropin/prolactin has what effect on reproduction?

A

Decrease

20
Q

Luteotopin/prolactin has what effect on androgens?

A

Increased secretion

21
Q

Luteotropin/prolactin has what effect on the growth of children?

A

Stimulates

22
Q

How does luteotropin/prolactin decrease reproduction?

A

Decrease gamete development, decrease sex hormones

23
Q

High levels of what hormone can be a form of natural birth control in mothers who are breastfeeding?

A

Luteotropin/prolactin

24
Q

What hormones control the secretion of luteotropin/prolactin?

A

Prolactostatin/Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) aka luteostatin, prolactoliberin/prolactin releasing factor (PRF) aka luteoliberin, and substance P

25
Q

What is the primary function of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

Stimulate the gonads to produce gametes

26
Q

What specifically is stimulated in males by FSH?

A

Seminiferous tubules to produce spermatozoa

27
Q

What specifically is stimulated in females by FSH?

A

Ovaries to produce ova

28
Q

What controls the secretion of FSH?

A

Follicle releasing factor (FRF), follicle inhibiting factor (FIF), gonadoliberin (GnRF), gonadostatin (GnIF), pheromones, endorphins, excess luteotropin, melatonin

29
Q

Activin stimulates the secretion of ONLY what hormone?

A

FSH

30
Q

What controls the secretion of activin?

A

Amount of FSH and gametes

31
Q

What hormone participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle?

A

Activin

32
Q

Inhibin decreases the secretion of ONLY what hormone?

A

FSH

33
Q

What is the primary function of melanotropin?

A

Stimulate pigmentation

34
Q

What is the secondary function of melanotropin?

A

BIG 4 (and increased memory)

35
Q

What controls the secretion of melanotropin?

A

Melanostatin, melanoliberin, corticoliberin, corticostatin

36
Q

What is the primary function of endorphins?

A

Decrease pain stimuli

37
Q

How do endorphins decrease pain stimuli?

A

Decrease the synthesis and function of substance P

38
Q

What effect do endorphins have on reproduction?

A

Decrease

39
Q

Where is the site of synthesis for endorphins?

A

POMC cells (adenohypophysis), placenta, thalamus, spinal cord, hypothalamus

40
Q

What is the secondary function of endorphins?

A

Increase appetite, immune response, and oxygen transport

41
Q

Endorphins decrease the secretion of what hormones?

A

Thyrotropin stimulating hormone, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin (TSH, ADH, OT)

42
Q

What controls the secretion of endorphins?

A

Pain stimuli, stress, psychological, strenuous exercise

43
Q

Which is more powerful at reducing pain: morphine or endorphins?

A

Endorphins (100X)

44
Q

Which hormones increase memory?

A

MSH, ACTH, TSH

Endocrinology Exam One (5 decks)

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