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Endocrinology Exam One > Chapter 3 - Pituitary Gland Hormones > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Pituitary Gland Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location called in between the anterior and posterior pituitary?

A

Pars intermedia

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2
Q

Where does the pituitary gland lie?

A

In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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3
Q

From where does the adenohypophysis originate?

A

Rathke’s Pouch

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4
Q

The anterior pituitary hormones regulate which four physiological processes?

A

Growth, reproduction, stress, and lactation

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5
Q

What is a tropic hormone?

A

A hormone whose target is an endocrine gland

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6
Q

What area of the pituitary gland is known for the release of tropic hormones?

A

Anterior

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7
Q

What releases somatotropin (GH)?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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8
Q

What releases thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone TSH)?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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9
Q

What releases corticotropins (hormones from the adrenal cortex like ACTH)?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

What releases lactotropins like prolactin?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

What releases gonadotropic hormones like follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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12
Q

What releases leuteinizing hormones (LH)?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

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13
Q

What releases melanocyte stimulating hormone?

A

Intermediate pituitary (but is synthesized by the anterior pituitary)

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14
Q

What hormone is responsible for protein formation, as well as, cell proliferation and differentiation?

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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15
Q

What hormone is responsible for the metabolism of glucose, proteins, and fat?

A

Adrenocorticotropin (corticotropin)

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16
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) controls the production of what two hormones?

A

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

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17
Q

What do thyroxine and triiodothyronine control?

A

Most of the intracellular chemical reactions in the body

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18
Q

What is a thyrotrope?

A

An endocrine cell in the anterior pituitary gland that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone

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19
Q

What is another term for prolactin (PRL)?

A

Lactotrope

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20
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are what kind of hormones?

A

Gonadotropic

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21
Q

What hormone is responsible for the development of mammary glands and milk production?

A

Prolactin

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22
Q

What is another name for the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis

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23
Q

The anterior pituitary gland is made of what kind of tissue?

A

Glandular

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24
Q

The posterior pituitary gland is made of what kind of tissue?

A

Neural

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25
What part of the pituitary gland stores the hormones?
Posterior
26
What two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland and synthesized from the hypothalamus?
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and oxytocin
27
What is the function of vasopressin in the body?
Controls water balance
28
What hormone causes uterine contractions leading to birth?
Oxytocin
29
Increase of oxytocin before birth to cause uterine contractions is an example of what mechanism?
Postive feedback
30
What is another term for the hypothalamus?
Pituitary axis
31
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
Homeostasis
32
What controls overall pituitary secretion?
Hypothalamus
33
How does the hypothalamus control anterior pituitary secretion?
By cell bodies secreting and releasing inhibitory hormones
34
What hormone releases thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Thyroid-releasing hormone
35
What hormone releases adrenocorticotropin?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
36
What hormone is responsible for the release of growth hormone?
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
37
What inhibits the release of growth hormone?
Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) AKA somatostatin
38
What hormone is responsible for the release of LH and FSH?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
39
What is the other name for growth hormone?
Somatotropin
40
What does growth hormone increase?
Size of cells and overall mitosis
41
What disorder involves the overproduction of growth hormone during mid-adulthood leading to increased growth of the bones of the hands, feet, and face?
Acromegaly
42
What is the primary function of GH or STH?
Increase linear height in children
43
What is the secondary function of GH or STH?
Stimulates metabolism
44
How does GH or STH increase linear height in children?
Stimulate enzymes of protein and the synthesis of somatomedin
45
How does GH or STH stimulate metabolism?
Stimulates the enzymes of protein anabolism, carbohydrate catabolism, and lipid catabolism
46
What effect does growth hormone have on blood glucose?
Increase
47
What effect does GH have on the synthesis of glucagon?
Increase
48
What effect does GH have on the synthesis of cortisol?
Increase
49
What effect does GH have on carbohydrate catabolism?
Increase
50
What effect does GH have on insulin?
Acts as an insulin antagonist
51
What effect does GH have on blood pressure?
Increase
52
How can increased levels of GH affect the heart?
Through its increase of blood pressure
53
How does GH increase blood pressure?
By increasing the number of solutes in plasma
54
What effect does GH have on plasma calcium?
Increase
55
How does GH increase plasma calcium?
By increasing intestinal absorption of calcium
56
What effect does GH have on sodium and phosphorus levels?
Increased renal absorption of them
57
How does GH increase renal absorption of sodium and phosphorus?
By increasing cell membrane permeability to sodium and phosphorus from the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct of the kidneys
58
What effect does GH have on the immune response?
Increase
59
How does GH increase the immune response?
Increase of the number of structures that produce antibodies
60
How does GH affect oxygen transport?
Increase
61
How does GH increase oxygen transport?
By increasing the synthesis of erythropoietin
62
What effect does GH have on breast development and milk production?
Increase
63
How does GH increase milk production?
By stimulating the synthesis of prolactin
64
What stimulates insulin like growth factor?
Growth hormone stimulates the liver to secrete it (IGF1)
65
What is the primary mediator for growth factor?
Insulin like growth factor
66
Insulin like growth factor has major effects on what areas?
Skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, nerves, and blood cells
67
Where is the site of synthesis for insulin like growth factor (somatomedin)?
Liver and kidney
68
What is the primary function of insulin like growth factor?
Increase linear height (same as STH)
69
How does insulin like growth factor increase linear height?
Stimulates the enzymes of protein anabolism and osteoblast cell activity
70
What is the secondary function of insulin like growth factor?
Decrease plasma glucose
71
How does insulin like growth factor decrease plasma glucose?
Increases cellular uptake of glucose
72
Factors that increase what other hormone also increase IGF1?
STH
73
Factors that decrease what other hormone also decrease IGF1?
STH
74
Where is somatoliberian (SRF) synthesized?
Hypothalamus
75
What class is somatoliberian (SRF)?
Chemical (but PPP ***)
76
What is the primary function of somatoliberian?
Increase STH secretion
77
What is the secondary function of somatoliberian (SRF)?
Increase all hormones of the adenohypophysis
78
All of the factors that increase what hormone's secretion will also increase somatoliberian (SRF)
STH (same with decreasing factors)
79
What is the site of synthesis of somatostatin (SS)?
Hypothalamus, stomach, small intestine, delta cells from the isle of langerhans
80
What effect does somatostatin have on all of the hormones of the adenohypophysis?
Decrease
81
What effect does somatostatin have on the immune response?
Decrease
82
What effect does somatostatin have on digestion?
Decrease
83
What effect does somatostatin have on CNS activity?
Could be either increase OR decrease
84
All of the factors that decrease what hormone actually increase somatostatin?
STH
85
All of the factors that increase what hormone actually decrease somatostatin?
STH

Endocrinology Exam One (5 decks)

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