Chapter 2

Question 1

Are epinephrine and norepinephrine typically fast or slow acting hormones?

Answer 1

Fast

Question 2

From where are epinephrine and norepinephrine released?

Answer 2

Adrenal medulla

Question 3

Are thyroid hormones typically fast or slow acting hormones?

Answer 3

Slow

Question 4

Are pituitary hormones typically fast or slow acting hormones?

Answer 4

Slow

Question 5

Slower acting hormones can take about how long to achieve full effect?

Answer 5

Sometimes months

Question 6

What is the usual range for a concentration of a particular hormone?

Answer 6

Very small: 1 picogram to a few micrograms

Question 7

What is the purpose of a negative feedback system?

Answer 7

Preventing overactivity of the endocrine system and ensuring the correct level of hormone at the target cell

Question 8

Oxytocin release increasing at the time of birth is an example of what type of mechanism?

Answer 8

Positive feedback

Question 9

After birth, oxytocin levels resorting back to normal once saturated is an example of what type of mechanism?

Answer 9

Negative feedback

Question 10

Growth hormone represents what kind of cyclic pattern?

Answer 10

Circadian (daily)

Question 11

Melatonin represents what kind of cyclic pattern?

Answer 11

Seasonal (circannual)

Question 12

What can have an influence on the cyclic variation of hormones?

Answer 12

Nervous system

Question 13

What is the method of hormone transport for peptides and catecholamines?

Answer 13

Dissolve in plasma, transported to target tissues, diffuse out of capillaries into interstitial fluid to target cells (water soluble)

Question 14

What is the method of transport for steroid and thyroid hormones?

Answer 14

Circulate in blood bound to plasma protein

Question 15

When are steroid and thyroid hormones deemed inactive?

Answer 15

When bound to plasma proteins during transport

Question 16

When does the concentration of a particular hormone increase?

Answer 16

If rate of secretion is greater than clearance

Question 17

When does concentration of a particular hormone decrease?

Answer 17

If rate of secretion is less than clearance

Question 18

What is MCR?

Answer 18

Metabolic clearance rate (number of milliliters of plasma cleared of hormone per minute)

Question 19

What is the Guyton/Hall definition for metabolic clearance rate (MCR)?

Answer 19

rate of disappearance of hormone from the plasma/concentration of hormone

Question 20

What organ is responsible for clearing the system of steroid hormones?

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

What does the liver do to clear the system of hormones?

Answer 21

Conjugates them and excretes them in bile

Question 22

What condition could lead to high amounts of hormones staying present in the system?

Answer 22

Diseased liver

Question 23

Where can hormone receptors be located?

Answer 23

On/in the cell membrane, in the cell cytoplasm, in the nucleus

Question 24

The formation of what substance is used by hormones to exert intracellular actions?

Answer 24

Second messengers (cAMP)

Question 25

What is the function of cAMP in hormone regulation?

Answer 25

Activation of a single type of membrane receptor