Chapter 4

Question 0

Medications during birth

Answer 0

Anesthesia-used in the late first stage labor and during expulsion to block sensation
Epidural-most common numbs from waist down 4-7 cm dilation
Pitocin(Oxytocin)-synthetic hormones stimulate contractions in order to initiate (induce), to improve (augment) labor, or to control bleeding

Question 1

Stages of birth

Answer 1

First stage- Cervix is dilating
Late first stage (transition stage)-cervix is fully dilated and the amniotic sac has ruptured releasing amniotic fluid
Second stage-birth of the infant
Third stage-delivery of the placenta (afterbirth)
Afterbirth-when the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled

Question 2

Methods of child birth

Answer 2

Natural birth
Waterbirth
Massage
Acupuncture
Hypnosis
Music therapy
Cesarean delivery-breech position which is the position of the baby within the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina

Question 3

The fetus/newborn transition

Answer 3

Anoxia-occurs during contractions where insufficient oxygen goes to the fetus
Stress hormone-secretion protects from oxygen deficiency, prepares infant for birth
Vernix caseosa- (skin grease) protects against heat loss

Question 4

Apgar scale, NBAS, and NNNS

Answer 4

Apgar scale-a rating scale usually administered at 1 to 5 minutes of birth that provides an overview of the infants health. Based off 5 dimensions: color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration
Brazeton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment NBAS- a test performed within 24 to 36 hours after birth to assess newborns neurological development, reflexes, and reactions to people
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale NNNS-an off spring of the NBAS, the NNNS provides more comprehensive analysis of the newborns behavior, neurological and stress responses, and regulatory capacities.

Question 5

Preterm

Answer 5

babies born 3 weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached full term

Question 6

Low birth weight

Answer 6

babies that weigh less than 5 1/2 pounds at birth

Question 7

Small for date

Answer 7

babies whose birth weight is below normal when the length of pregnancy is considered full

Question 8

Postpartum depression

Answer 8

involves a major depressive episode characterized by strong feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair in new mothers, making it difficult for them to carry out daily tasks.