Chapter 2

Question 0

Chromosome

Answer 0

Threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA 23 pairs

Question 1

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 1

Emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes direct cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

The complete set of developmental instructions for creating proteins that initiate the making of a human organism

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Complex molecule with a double helix shape; contains genetic information

Question 5

Meiosis vs Mitosis

Answer 5

Mitosis: cellular reproduction in which the cell’s nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed
Meiosis: a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm (gametes )

Question 6

Fertilization vs Zygote

Answer 6

Fertilization: a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote
Zygote: a single cell formed through fertilization

Question 7

Gene mutations

Answer 7

A mistake by cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent which is a permanently altered segment of DNA

Question 8

Genotype vs Phenotype

Answer 8

Genotype: a person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material
Phenotype: the way an individuals genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics.

Question 9

Genetic imprinting vs Polygenetic inheritance

Answer 9

Genetic imprinting: occurs when genes have different effects depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or father
Polygenetic inheritance: occurs when most characteristics are determined by the interaction of many different genes

Question 10

Prenatal diagnostic test

Answer 10

ultrasound sonography, chorionic villi sampling, amniocentesis,
Nuchal Translucency screening,
Maternal blood or triple screening,
non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

Question 11

Infertility and reproductive technology

Answer 11

Invitro fertilization
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Zygote intrafallopian transfer

Question 12

Twin study vs adoption study

Answer 12

Twin study: A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
Adoption study: a study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents or more like their biological parents

Question 13

Genetic-environment correlation: passive, evocative, and active correlation

Answer 13

Passive- parents like sports, they will sign up the children to do sports
Evocative-child that is always talkative unintentionally changing environment
Active-actively seeking the environment you wanted

Question 14

Shared vs Nonshared environmental experiences

Answer 14

Shared: Siblings common experiences, such as their parents personalities and intellectual orientation, the family’s socioeconomic status, and the neighborhood in which they live
Nonshare: the child’s own unique experiences, both within the family and outside the family, that are not shared by another sibling

Question 15

Epigenetic view

Answer 15

Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment

Question 16

Gene X environment interaction

Answer 16

the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment