Chapter 10

Question 1

Growth of emotional self-regulation (development of self-understanding)

Answer 1

• Impressive growth in early childhood: learn many different strategies to control their own emotional states
• Fears are common among young children
• Fear of ghosts and monster common
• Comfort can come from social support, a comfort object, or the use of self-comfort and parental reassurance (nightlight)

Question 2

Influences on development of self-concept (development of self-understanding)

Answer 2

• Quality of parenting: Affects self-esteem which is the overall sense of ones own value as a person and the attribution and failures to external events and behavior which are influenced by feedback from others
• Cultural variations in parenting (girls feel guilty, shame, and doubt when the don’t do well on a quiz)

Question 3

Structure of young children self-concept (development of self-undestanding)

Answer 3

• Likely to be optimistic

- Self views in different domains already differentiated even at young age

Question 4

Self-concept

Answer 4

refers to an individuals beliefs about the attributes and capacities they posses (domain specific)

Question 5

Development of self-concept

Answer 5

• Ages 3-5: focus on external appearances and external objects
• By age 6: identify emotional states, relationships in social groups and skills in relation to those of others
• Sense of self develops from life stories: cultural and socioeconomic differences

Question 6

Emotional display rules (development of self-understanding)

Answer 6

• Stipulate when, where, and how to express emotion
• Children are generally taught to communicate positive emotions but to suppress negative once
• Cultural differences exist