Chapter 4 Flashcards
Anal fixation
A return to the anal stage in later life, shown through obsessive personality issues, as a result of too much or too little gratification during the anal stage
Oral fixation
A return to the oral stage in later life, shown through habits such as smoking or gum chewing, as a result of too much or too little gratification during the oral stage
Trust vs mistrust stage
Eriksons first staged psychological development is resolved when the individual develops a sense of trust in the environment to meet his or her needs
Autonomy versus shame and doubt stage
Eriksons second stage of psychological development, during which the toddler begins to understand self-control through key accomplishments
Temperament
Biologically based individual differences in how one responds to the environment that influence emotions, physical activity level, and attention
Negative affectivity
A dimension of infant temperament having to do with fear, frustration, sadness, discomfort, and soothability
Extraversion/surgency
A dimension of infant temperament defined by low-shyness, high intensity pleasure, smiling and laughter, activity level, impulsivity, positive anticipation, and affiliation
Effortful control
A dimension of infant temperament indicated by inhibitory control, attention control, low-intensity pleasure, and perceptual sensitivity
Goodness of fit
The relationship between environmental forces and predisposed temperamental behavior
Attachment
Am enduring emotional bind that connects two people across time and space
Self-regulation
The ability for deliberate modulation of ones behavior and emotion
Attachment theory
The perspective that the process of social, emotional, and cognitive development occurs in the context of caregiver-infant attachment
Separation anxiety
A set of seeking and distress behaviors that occur when the primary caregiver is removed from the immediate environment of the infant/child
Stranger anxiety
Distressed avoidance of a novel individual
