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Developmental Psych Exam 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Genotype

A

An individual’s collection of genes

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1
Q

Locus

A

The specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located

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2
Q

Autosome

A

Any one of the 22 pairs of chromosomes shared by both males and females

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3
Q

Sex chromosome

A

The 23rd chromosome pair containing the genes that determine biological sex characteristics of females and males

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4
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the fundamental chemical of all genes that guide the construction of cells

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5
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an individual

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6
Q

Dominant

A

The quality of an allele that influences the expression of a trait

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7
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that can only influence the expression of a trait in the absence of a dominant allele

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8
Q

Gamete

A

A male or female cell that contains 23 chromosomes in their singular form

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9
Q

Ovum

A

A female gamete containing 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

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10
Q

Sperm cell

A

A male gamete containing 22 and 1 sex (X or Y) chromosome

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11
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized ovum, in which the male and female gametes have united in one cell

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12
Q

Meiosis

A

The process by which cells containing 23 pairs of chromosomes divide into daughter cells containing one-half of each chromosome pair

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13
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which cells create an exact copy of themselves, including all 23 pairs of chromosomes

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14
Q

Blastocyst

A

A multicellular organism that results from the continuous division of the original zygote - eventually differentiating into the embryo and its support system

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15
Q

Miscarriage

A

The unexpected death and delivery of the embryo or fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy

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16
Q

Cephalocaudal pattern

A

A pattern of physical growth that proceeds from the head down through the long axis of the body

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17
Q

Proximodistal pattern

A

A pattern of physical growth that proceeds from the center of the body through the appendages

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18
Q

Organogenesis

A

The early development and differentiation of the internal organs such as the lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal systems

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19
Q

Placenta

A

A short lived, multifunctional organ that passes nutrients from the mothers blood to the embryo

20
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A vein filled cord that connects the embryo to the placenta

21
Q

Plasticity

A

The potential for systematic change within a person

22
Q

Sensitive period

A

An interval of heightened plasticity, when environmental influences are most efficient at affecting an organisms development

23
Q

Critical period

A

A finite window of opportunity for development, outside of which environmental influences are said to have no effect

24
Q

Teratogen

A

An environmental agent that can adversely affect prenatal development and can have long-lasting effects on subsequent development

25
Q

Neural tube

A

In the developing embryo, the precursor to the central nervous system

26
Q

Mutation

A

An abnormality that occurs during genetic transmission and may affect the entire chromosome or specific genes

27
Q

Autosomal recessive trait

A

A trait that requires the presence of both paternal and material genes for the phenotypes to be expressed

28
Q

Autosomal dominant trait

A

A trait that requires the presence of only one parental gene for the phenotype to be expressed

29
Q

Sex-linked gene

A

A gene located on one of the sex chromosomes

30
Q

Midwifery model of care

A

A woman-centered model or maternity care based on the fact that pregnancy and birth are normal, inherently healthy life processes

31
Q

Medical model of care

A

A comparatively new model of maternity care guided by the belief that pregnancy and birth are inherently dangerous life processes that must be medically managed

32
Q

Informed Consent

A

The process of requesting that research participants assert in writing that they understand the study, know that they can withdraw at any time, and agree to participate

33
Q

Amniocentesis

A

The process of removing fluid from the amniotic sac or a pregnant woman and surveying the genome under a microscope

34
Q

Coparenting

A

The extent to which parents are supportive of one another’s parenting

35
Q

Cervix

A

A powerful ring of muscles that keeps the uterus tightly shut during pregnancy but then thins and opens during labor

36
Q

Bloody show

A

A plug of thick, blood-tinged mucus that is discharges from the cervix shortly before labor begins

37
Q

Birth doula

A

A specifically trained birth companion, who provides physical, emotional, and informational support during labor, birth, and the immediate postpartum

38
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The ratio of deaths per 1000 live births

39
Q

Epidural

A

A local anesthetic injected into the lower back to numb labor pain

40
Q

Episiotomy

A

A surgical cut in the muscles that surround the vagina in order to enlarge the vaginal opening

41
Q

Electronic fetal monitoring

A

A technology for monitoring the heart rate of a fetus with electrodes attached to the mothers abdomen or placed internally on the scalp of the fetus

42
Q

Apgar scale

A

A scoring system that assesses the health of newborns based on five key areas: activity and muscle tone, heart rate, reflexes, skin color, and respiration

43
Q

Low birth rate

A

Birth weight of less than 2500 g

44
Q

Preterm

A

Born earlier than their full gestational period, usually less than 37 weeks

45
Q

Small for gestational age

A

Birth weight of less than 5lb and 8 oz for an infant with a gestational age that is normal (37+ weeks)

46
Q

Very low birth weight

A

Birth weight of less than 1500 g

47
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Clinical depressive symptoms such as apathy, sadness, and detachment associated with late pregnancy and the period of time following the birth of an infant

48
Q

Postpartum doula

A

A specially trained advisor and helped who provides physical, emotional, and informational support to women and their families during the postpartum period

Developmental Psych Exam 1 (4 decks)

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