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Developmental Psych Exam 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Genotype

A

An individual’s collection of genes

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1
Q

Locus

A

The specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located

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2
Q

Autosome

A

Any one of the 22 pairs of chromosomes shared by both males and females

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3
Q

Sex chromosome

A

The 23rd chromosome pair containing the genes that determine biological sex characteristics of females and males

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4
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the fundamental chemical of all genes that guide the construction of cells

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5
Q

Phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an individual

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6
Q

Dominant

A

The quality of an allele that influences the expression of a trait

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7
Q

Recessive

A

An allele that can only influence the expression of a trait in the absence of a dominant allele

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8
Q

Gamete

A

A male or female cell that contains 23 chromosomes in their singular form

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9
Q

Ovum

A

A female gamete containing 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

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10
Q

Sperm cell

A

A male gamete containing 22 and 1 sex (X or Y) chromosome

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11
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized ovum, in which the male and female gametes have united in one cell

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12
Q

Meiosis

A

The process by which cells containing 23 pairs of chromosomes divide into daughter cells containing one-half of each chromosome pair

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13
Q

Mitosis

A

The process by which cells create an exact copy of themselves, including all 23 pairs of chromosomes

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14
Q

Blastocyst

A

A multicellular organism that results from the continuous division of the original zygote - eventually differentiating into the embryo and its support system

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15
Q

Miscarriage

A

The unexpected death and delivery of the embryo or fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy

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16
Q

Cephalocaudal pattern

A

A pattern of physical growth that proceeds from the head down through the long axis of the body

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17
Q

Proximodistal pattern

A

A pattern of physical growth that proceeds from the center of the body through the appendages

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18
Q

Organogenesis

A

The early development and differentiation of the internal organs such as the lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal systems

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19
Q

Placenta

A

A short lived, multifunctional organ that passes nutrients from the mothers blood to the embryo

20
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A vein filled cord that connects the embryo to the placenta

21
Q

Plasticity

A

The potential for systematic change within a person

22
Q

Sensitive period

A

An interval of heightened plasticity, when environmental influences are most efficient at affecting an organisms development

23
Q

Critical period

A

A finite window of opportunity for development, outside of which environmental influences are said to have no effect

24
Teratogen
An environmental agent that can adversely affect prenatal development and can have long-lasting effects on subsequent development
25
Neural tube
In the developing embryo, the precursor to the central nervous system
26
Mutation
An abnormality that occurs during genetic transmission and may affect the entire chromosome or specific genes
27
Autosomal recessive trait
A trait that requires the presence of both paternal and material genes for the phenotypes to be expressed
28
Autosomal dominant trait
A trait that requires the presence of only one parental gene for the phenotype to be expressed
29
Sex-linked gene
A gene located on one of the sex chromosomes
30
Midwifery model of care
A woman-centered model or maternity care based on the fact that pregnancy and birth are normal, inherently healthy life processes
31
Medical model of care
A comparatively new model of maternity care guided by the belief that pregnancy and birth are inherently dangerous life processes that must be medically managed
32
Informed Consent
The process of requesting that research participants assert in writing that they understand the study, know that they can withdraw at any time, and agree to participate
33
Amniocentesis
The process of removing fluid from the amniotic sac or a pregnant woman and surveying the genome under a microscope
34
Coparenting
The extent to which parents are supportive of one another's parenting
35
Cervix
A powerful ring of muscles that keeps the uterus tightly shut during pregnancy but then thins and opens during labor
36
Bloody show
A plug of thick, blood-tinged mucus that is discharges from the cervix shortly before labor begins
37
Birth doula
A specifically trained birth companion, who provides physical, emotional, and informational support during labor, birth, and the immediate postpartum
38
Infant mortality rate
The ratio of deaths per 1000 live births
39
Epidural
A local anesthetic injected into the lower back to numb labor pain
40
Episiotomy
A surgical cut in the muscles that surround the vagina in order to enlarge the vaginal opening
41
Electronic fetal monitoring
A technology for monitoring the heart rate of a fetus with electrodes attached to the mothers abdomen or placed internally on the scalp of the fetus
42
Apgar scale
A scoring system that assesses the health of newborns based on five key areas: activity and muscle tone, heart rate, reflexes, skin color, and respiration
43
Low birth rate
Birth weight of less than 2500 g
44
Preterm
Born earlier than their full gestational period, usually less than 37 weeks
45
Small for gestational age
Birth weight of less than 5lb and 8 oz for an infant with a gestational age that is normal (37+ weeks)
46
Very low birth weight
Birth weight of less than 1500 g
47
Postpartum depression
Clinical depressive symptoms such as apathy, sadness, and detachment associated with late pregnancy and the period of time following the birth of an infant
48
Postpartum doula
A specially trained advisor and helped who provides physical, emotional, and informational support to women and their families during the postpartum period

Developmental Psych Exam 1 (4 decks)

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