Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHGY 350 > CHAPTER 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ergogenic aid?

A

substances, procedures, methods, or techniques believed to:

1) Improve physical work capacity,
2) Physiologic function,
3) Athletic performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are attempts to enhance athletic performance new?

A

no. since the original olympic games (776 BC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is doping?

A

practice of enhancing performance through the use of foreign substances or other artificial means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are natural health products (NHPs)?

A

Vitamins and minerals,
Herbal remedies,
Homeopathic medicines,
Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines,
Probiotics,
Other products like amino acids & essential fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is creatine a nutritional supplement or a drug?

A

nutritional supplement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which energy system uses creatine?

A

phosphagen energy system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do we need creatine?

A

substrate in formation of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is creatine especially important?

A

especially important during short-duration high-intensity exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is creatine made (synthesized) in the body?

A

liver, kidneys, & pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is creatine stored in the human body?

A

skeletal muscle
heart
brain
testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is most creatine stored in the body?

A

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the usual initial dose of creatine monohydrate taken for the first 4 to 5 days of oral supplementation?

A

20g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the maintenance dose associated with this usual initial dose?

A

2g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Does an alternative creatine monohydrate dosing method exist?

A

yes: no load method (3g/day for a month)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does caffeine stimulate in the human body?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are sources of caffeine?

A 
Coffee
Tea
Cocoa
Cola nut
Cola drinks
Guarana
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is guarana?

A

herbal extract; extracted from the leaf of a South American vine, Paullinia cupana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the health consequences of chronic use of caffeine?

A

Dependence
Tolerance
Drug craving
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of acute withdrawal from chronic caffeine use?

A 
Headache
Fatigue  
Decreased vigor (energy)  
Anxiety (to a lesser degree)  
Nausea/vomiting & craving
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Does Health Canada test each NHP before it is allowed to be sold on the market?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an NPN?

A

Natural Product Number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which NHPs & substances are used to increase muscle size or growth?

A 
androgenic anabolic steroids
human chorionic gonadotrophin
human growth hormone
DHEA
ANDRO
Insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is testosterone?

A

steroid-based hormone

anabolic androgenic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which lipid (fat) is used to synthesize testosterone in the human body?

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS)?

A

synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who uses AAS?

A

olympic, professional, collegiate, high school athletes

body builders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Do AAS actually increase muscle mass & muscle strength?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the possible psychological side effects of using androgenic anabolic steroids?

A 
increase in agression
depression
elevations in arousal/self-esteem
mania
associated with mood swings & psychotic episodes
psychosis
29
Q

What are the possible side effects of AAS?

A 
Elevated concentrations of blood cholesterol & triglycerides
Increased LDL cholesterol concentration
Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration
Increased risk of hypertension
Increased risk of heart attack
Increased risk of stroke
Increased risk of prostate cancer
Increased risk of liver tumors
Acne
Alopecia
30
Q

What is alopecia?

A

loss of hair from the head or body

31
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

excessive breast development (usually in men)

32
Q

Which side effects of AAS use are specific to males?

A 
Decreased testosterone concentration 
Decreased sperm count
Testicular atrophy
Impotence & transient infertility
Gynecomastia
33
Q

Which side effects of AAS use are specific to females?

A

Masculinization: Lowered voice.
Hirsutism: presence of excessive bodily & facial hair.
Clitoral enlargement
Menstrual irregularities

34
Q

Which NHPs & substances are banned for over-the-counter sale in Canada?

A

ephedra

phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

35
Q

What is an ergogenic aid?

A

substances, procedures, methods, or techniques believed to:

1) Improve physical work capacity,
2) Physiologic function,
3) Athletic performance

36
Q

Are attempts to enhance athletic performance new?

A

no. since the original olympic games (776 BC)

37
Q

What is doping?

A

practice of enhancing performance through the use of foreign substances or other artificial means

38
Q

What are natural health products (NHPs)?

A

Vitamins and minerals,
Herbal remedies,
Homeopathic medicines,
Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines,
Probiotics,
Other products like amino acids & essential fatty acids

39
Q

Is creatine a nutritional supplement or a drug?

A

nutritional supplement

40
Q

Which energy system uses creatine?

A

phosphagen energy system

41
Q

Why do we need creatine?

A

substrate in formation of ATP

42
Q

When is creatine especially important?

A

especially important during short-duration high-intensity exercise

43
Q

Where is creatine made (synthesized) in the body?

A

liver, kidneys, & pancreas

44
Q

Where is creatine stored in the human body?

A

skeletal muscle
heart
brain
testes

45
Q

Where is most creatine stored in the body?

A

skeletal

46
Q

What is the usual initial dose of creatine monohydrate taken for the first 4 to 5 days of oral supplementation?

A

20g/day

47
Q

What is the maintenance dose associated with this usual initial dose?

A

2g/day

48
Q

Does an alternative creatine monohydrate dosing method exist?

A

yes: no load method (3g/day for a month)

49
Q

What does caffeine stimulate in the human body?

A

CNS

50
Q

What are sources of caffeine?

A 
Coffee
Tea
Cocoa
Cola nut
Cola drinks
Guarana
51
Q

What is guarana?

A

herbal extract; extracted from the leaf of a South American vine, Paullinia cupana

52
Q

What are the health consequences of chronic use of caffeine?

A

Dependence
Tolerance
Drug craving
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation

53
Q

What are the symptoms of acute withdrawal from chronic caffeine use?

A 
Headache
Fatigue  
Decreased vigor (energy)  
Anxiety (to a lesser degree)  
Nausea/vomiting & craving
54
Q

Does Health Canada test each NHP before it is allowed to be sold on the market?

A

yes

55
Q

What is an NPN?

A

Natural Product Number

56
Q

Which NHPs & substances are used to increase muscle size or growth?

A 
androgenic anabolic steroids
human chorionic gonadotrophin
human growth hormone
DHEA
ANDRO
Insulin
57
Q

What is testosterone?

A

steroid-based hormone

anabolic androgenic hormone

58
Q

Which lipid (fat) is used to synthesize testosterone in the human body?

A

cholesterol

59
Q

What are androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS)?

A

synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone

60
Q

Who uses AAS?

A

olympic, professional, collegiate, high school athletes

body builders

61
Q

Do AAS actually increase muscle mass & muscle strength?

A

yes

62
Q

What are the possible psychological side effects of using androgenic anabolic steroids?

A 
increase in agression
depression
elevations in arousal/self-esteem
mania
associated with mood swings & psychotic episodes
psychosis
63
Q

What are the possible side effects of AAS?

A 
Elevated concentrations of blood cholesterol & triglycerides
Increased LDL cholesterol concentration
Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration
Increased risk of hypertension
Increased risk of heart attack
Increased risk of stroke
Increased risk of prostate cancer
Increased risk of liver tumors
Acne
Alopecia
64
Q

What is alopecia?

A

loss of hair from the head or body

65
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

excessive breast development (usually in men)

66
Q

Which side effects of AAS use are specific to males?

A 
Decreased testosterone concentration 
Decreased sperm count
Testicular atrophy
Impotence & transient infertility
Gynecomastia
67
Q

Which side effects of AAS use are specific to females?

A

Masculinization: Lowered voice.
Hirsutism: presence of excessive bodily & facial hair.
Clitoral enlargement
Menstrual irregularities

68
Q

Which NHPs & substances are banned for over-the-counter sale in Canada?

A

ephedra

phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

PHGY 350 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions