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PHGY 350 > CHAPTER 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ergogenic aid?

A

substances, procedures, methods, or techniques believed to:

1) Improve physical work capacity,
2) Physiologic function,
3) Athletic performance

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2
Q

Are attempts to enhance athletic performance new?

A

no. since the original olympic games (776 BC)

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3
Q

What is doping?

A

practice of enhancing performance through the use of foreign substances or other artificial means

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4
Q

What are natural health products (NHPs)?

A

Vitamins and minerals,
Herbal remedies,
Homeopathic medicines,
Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines,
Probiotics,
Other products like amino acids & essential fatty acids

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5
Q

Is creatine a nutritional supplement or a drug?

A

nutritional supplement

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6
Q

Which energy system uses creatine?

A

phosphagen energy system

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7
Q

Why do we need creatine?

A

substrate in formation of ATP

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8
Q

When is creatine especially important?

A

especially important during short-duration high-intensity exercise

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9
Q

Where is creatine made (synthesized) in the body?

A

liver, kidneys, & pancreas

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10
Q

Where is creatine stored in the human body?

A

skeletal muscle
heart
brain
testes

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11
Q

Where is most creatine stored in the body?

A

skeletal

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12
Q

What is the usual initial dose of creatine monohydrate taken for the first 4 to 5 days of oral supplementation?

A

20g/day

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13
Q

What is the maintenance dose associated with this usual initial dose?

A

2g/day

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14
Q

Does an alternative creatine monohydrate dosing method exist?

A

yes: no load method (3g/day for a month)

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15
Q

What does caffeine stimulate in the human body?

A

CNS

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16
Q

What are sources of caffeine?

A 
Coffee
Tea
Cocoa
Cola nut
Cola drinks
Guarana
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17
Q

What is guarana?

A

herbal extract; extracted from the leaf of a South American vine, Paullinia cupana

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18
Q

What are the health consequences of chronic use of caffeine?

A

Dependence
Tolerance
Drug craving
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of acute withdrawal from chronic caffeine use?

A 
Headache
Fatigue  
Decreased vigor (energy)  
Anxiety (to a lesser degree)  
Nausea/vomiting & craving
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20
Q

Does Health Canada test each NHP before it is allowed to be sold on the market?

A

yes

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21
Q

What is an NPN?

A

Natural Product Number

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22
Q

Which NHPs & substances are used to increase muscle size or growth?

A 
androgenic anabolic steroids
human chorionic gonadotrophin
human growth hormone
DHEA
ANDRO
Insulin
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23
Q

What is testosterone?

A

steroid-based hormone

anabolic androgenic hormone

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24
Q

Which lipid (fat) is used to synthesize testosterone in the human body?

A

cholesterol

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25
What are androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS)?
synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone
26
Who uses AAS?
olympic, professional, collegiate, high school athletes | body builders
27
Do AAS actually increase muscle mass & muscle strength?
yes
28
What are the possible psychological side effects of using androgenic anabolic steroids?
``` increase in agression depression elevations in arousal/self-esteem mania associated with mood swings & psychotic episodes psychosis ```
29
What are the possible side effects of AAS?
``` Elevated concentrations of blood cholesterol & triglycerides Increased LDL cholesterol concentration Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration Increased risk of hypertension Increased risk of heart attack Increased risk of stroke Increased risk of prostate cancer Increased risk of liver tumors Acne Alopecia ```
30
What is alopecia?
loss of hair from the head or body
31
What is gynecomastia?
excessive breast development (usually in men)
32
Which side effects of AAS use are specific to males?
``` Decreased testosterone concentration Decreased sperm count Testicular atrophy Impotence & transient infertility Gynecomastia ```
33
Which side effects of AAS use are specific to females?
Masculinization: Lowered voice. Hirsutism: presence of excessive bodily & facial hair. Clitoral enlargement Menstrual irregularities
34
Which NHPs & substances are banned for over-the-counter sale in Canada?
ephedra | phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
35
What is an ergogenic aid?
substances, procedures, methods, or techniques believed to: 1) Improve physical work capacity, 2) Physiologic function, 3) Athletic performance
36
Are attempts to enhance athletic performance new?
no. since the original olympic games (776 BC)
37
What is doping?
practice of enhancing performance through the use of foreign substances or other artificial means
38
What are natural health products (NHPs)?
Vitamins and minerals, Herbal remedies, Homeopathic medicines, Traditional medicines such as traditional Chinese medicines, Probiotics, Other products like amino acids & essential fatty acids
39
Is creatine a nutritional supplement or a drug?
nutritional supplement
40
Which energy system uses creatine?
phosphagen energy system
41
Why do we need creatine?
substrate in formation of ATP
42
When is creatine especially important?
especially important during short-duration high-intensity exercise
43
Where is creatine made (synthesized) in the body?
liver, kidneys, & pancreas
44
Where is creatine stored in the human body?
skeletal muscle heart brain testes
45
Where is most creatine stored in the body?
skeletal
46
What is the usual initial dose of creatine monohydrate taken for the first 4 to 5 days of oral supplementation?
20g/day
47
What is the maintenance dose associated with this usual initial dose?
2g/day
48
Does an alternative creatine monohydrate dosing method exist?
yes: no load method (3g/day for a month)
49
What does caffeine stimulate in the human body?
CNS
50
What are sources of caffeine?
``` Coffee Tea Cocoa Cola nut Cola drinks Guarana ```
51
What is guarana?
herbal extract; extracted from the leaf of a South American vine, Paullinia cupana
52
What are the health consequences of chronic use of caffeine?
Dependence Tolerance Drug craving Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt cessation
53
What are the symptoms of acute withdrawal from chronic caffeine use?
``` Headache Fatigue Decreased vigor (energy) Anxiety (to a lesser degree) Nausea/vomiting & craving ```
54
Does Health Canada test each NHP before it is allowed to be sold on the market?
yes
55
What is an NPN?
Natural Product Number
56
Which NHPs & substances are used to increase muscle size or growth?
``` androgenic anabolic steroids human chorionic gonadotrophin human growth hormone DHEA ANDRO Insulin ```
57
What is testosterone?
steroid-based hormone | anabolic androgenic hormone
58
Which lipid (fat) is used to synthesize testosterone in the human body?
cholesterol
59
What are androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS)?
synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone
60
Who uses AAS?
olympic, professional, collegiate, high school athletes | body builders
61
Do AAS actually increase muscle mass & muscle strength?
yes
62
What are the possible psychological side effects of using androgenic anabolic steroids?
``` increase in agression depression elevations in arousal/self-esteem mania associated with mood swings & psychotic episodes psychosis ```
63
What are the possible side effects of AAS?
``` Elevated concentrations of blood cholesterol & triglycerides Increased LDL cholesterol concentration Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration Increased risk of hypertension Increased risk of heart attack Increased risk of stroke Increased risk of prostate cancer Increased risk of liver tumors Acne Alopecia ```
64
What is alopecia?
loss of hair from the head or body
65
What is gynecomastia?
excessive breast development (usually in men)
66
Which side effects of AAS use are specific to males?
``` Decreased testosterone concentration Decreased sperm count Testicular atrophy Impotence & transient infertility Gynecomastia ```
67
Which side effects of AAS use are specific to females?
Masculinization: Lowered voice. Hirsutism: presence of excessive bodily & facial hair. Clitoral enlargement Menstrual irregularities
68
Which NHPs & substances are banned for over-the-counter sale in Canada?
ephedra | phenylpropanolamine (PPA)

PHGY 350 (5 decks)

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