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PHGY 350 > CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the relaxation response?

A

a slow down of heart rate, breathing, & metabolism.
an increase of blood flow to the brain & skin.
a shift of brain waves from an alert beta rhythm to a relaxed alpha rhythm

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2
Q

Which techniques can be used to manage stress? (3)

A

exercise
nutrition
sleep

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3
Q

What are counterproductive strategies for coping with stress?

A

alcohol
tobacco
binge eating
drugs

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4
Q

Who developed the GAS?

A

Hans Selye

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5
Q

What are the stages of the GAS in sequence?

A
  1. alarm
  2. resistance
  3. exhaustion
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6
Q

In which stage of the GAS are the sympathetic nervous & endocrine systems activated?

A

1) alarm

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7
Q

In which stage of the GAS does the body develop a new level of homeostasis?

A

2) resistance

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8
Q

Which stage of the GAS may be achieved if a person is exposed to a persistent stressor or several successive stressors?

A

3) exhaustion

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9
Q

What is the allostatic load?

A

long-term wear & tear of the stress response

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10
Q

Which factors result in a high allostatic load?

A

frequent stressors
poor adaptation to common stressors
inability to shut down stress response
imbalances in stress response of different body systems

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11
Q

Which diseases have been linked with a high allostatic load?

A

Heart disease,
Blood pressure,
Obesity,
Reduced brain & immune system functioning

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12
Q

What are some of the health problems linked to stress-related changes in immune function?

A

vulnerability to colds/infections
asthma/allergy attacks
suceptability to cancer
chronic disease flare-ups

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13
Q

What are some of the other health problems that may be worsened or worsened by uncontrolled stress?

A 
Digestive problems
Tension headaches & migraines
Insomnia & fatigue
Injuries
Menstrual irregularities
Impotence
Pregnancy complications.
Psychological problems
Depression 
Anxiety 
Panic attacks
Eating disorders
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
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14
Q

What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

A

universal & predictable response to all stressors

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15
Q

Are physical, emotional, & behavioural responses to stressors intimately interrelated?

A

yes

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16
Q

What intensity of emotional response elevates the strength of the physical response?

A

higher intensity = strong response

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17
Q

What type of responses can effectively lessen stress?

A

effective behaviour responses

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18
Q

What are the personality types?

A

A, B, C

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19
Q

What are the characteristics or traits of Type A personalities?

A

Overly competitive, Somewhat controlling, Impatient, Aggressive, Hostile.
Anger, cynicism, & hostility increase the risk of heart disease.

20
Q

What are the characteristics or traits of Type B personalities?

A

Relaxed, Contemplative, Less frustrated by daily events, More tolerant of the behaviour of others

21
Q

What are the characteristics or traits of Type C personalities?

A

Difficulty expressing emotions, Anger suppression, Feelings of hopelessness & despair, exaggerated stress response to minor cognitive stressors

22
Q

Which personality type is characterized by feelings of hopelessness & despair, & an exaggerated stress response to cognitive stressors?

A

Type C

23
Q

Which personality type is often described as overly competitive, somewhat controlling, impatient, aggressive, & even hostile?

A

Type A

24
Q

Which personality type is relaxed & contemplative?

A

Type B

25
Q

What is hardiness?

A

a particular form of optimism

allows one to view potential stressors as challenges & opportunities for growth & learning, rather than burdens

26
Q

What is the importance of hardiness relative to dealing with stress?

A

allows a person to perceive fewer reactions as stressful & his or her reaction to stressors tends to be less intense

27
Q

Which of the subdivisions of the nervous system controls the behavioural responses to stressors?

A

somatic nervous system (branch of PNS)

28
Q

What are common emotional responses to stressors?

A

anxiety
depression
fear

29
Q

What are effective & ineffective behavioural responses to stressors?

A

effective: talking, laughing, exercising, meditating, time-management skills
ineffective: overeating, hostility, alochol/drugs

30
Q

What is personality?

A

sum of behavioural & emotional tendencies

31
Q

Which 2 factors can reduce the magnitude of the stress response?

A

sucessful prediction of stressor

perception of having some control over stressor

32
Q

Which division of the ANS restores the body to homeostasis?

A

parasympathetic

33
Q

Which hormones are released from the adrenal glands

A

cortisol
epinephrine
norepinephrine

34
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

system of glands, tissues, & cells that secrete hormones & other chemical messengers into the bloodstream to influence metabolism & other body processes

35
Q

Which neurotransmitter is used by the sympathetic nerves to exert its effects in the body?

A

norepinephrine

36
Q

Under what conditions are the SNS & PNS activated?

A 
PNS = relaxed
SNS = times of arousal (incl. exercise)
37
Q

What are the divisions of the ANS?

A

parasympathetic

sympathetic

38
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)?

A

moderates sympathetic effects
slows metabolism
restores energy
aids in digestion, growth, energy stores

39
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

A

reacts to danger
accelerates body processes
mobilse all energy resources to react to crisis

40
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A

involuntary control

41
Q

What are the divisions & subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS (Brain and Spinal Cord)
PNS (Afferent & Efferent Divisions)

Afferent is divided into Somatic Sensory Neurons and Visceral Sensory Neurons
Efferent divided into Autonomic & Somatic NS

42
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

brain, spinal cord, & nerves

43
Q

What is the stress response?

A

the physiological changes associated with stress

44
Q

What is a stressor?

A

any physical or psychological event or condition that produces stress.
a situation that triggers physical & emotional reactions

45
Q

Which personality type reacts explosively to stressors?

A

Type A

PHGY 350 (5 decks)

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