CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
Discuss binary fission
Binary fission is the multiplication of bacteria in generation time. The process is when the DNA attaches to the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell gets larger, it makes another DNA strand, a wall splits the DNA into two cells and they separate into two daughter cells.
Describe the difference s between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cells
The difference is that prokaryotic have few membranous organelles, no enclosed DNA, binary fission and thier cell walls have petidoglycan
Eukaryotic cells have membranous organelles, cell wall if present, enclosed DNA and perform mitosis
Two ways to describe glycolayx
Capsule which is insoluble and slime layer which is water soluble .
The function of the glycolayx is to retard dehydration, block viral attachment, retard phagocytosis, attachment to surfaces
Name the different flagellum, why is it useful?
Atrichous,, peritrichous, monotrichous lophotrichious or amphitrichous to identify different flagellum
Function of frimbriae and flagella
Frimbriae have hair like projections to stick onto surfaces there are two types.
Adhesive pili and conjugative pili, adhesive pili tick on tissue and are specific.
Conjugative pili attachment for other cells for transferring.
What are flagellum composed of .
20nm to 20 nanometers long. Filament Hook tubular protein Basal body with ten and more proteins Is composed of outer membrane,
Describe how run and tumble works
When flagella act as a rotor it runs and tumbles. When it runs it runs counterclockwise when it tumbles it tumbles clockwise. Running is 70 percent of the time while tumbling is only 30 percent of the time
What is positive and negative chemo taxis
If bacteria pick up chemical stimuli of oxygen, ribose and galactose, if the stimuli is a positive sense for bacteria then it will be attracted to that stimuli. So many runs will go toward that attractant.
If the stimuli is in a negative effect then the bacteria will increase tumbling and get away from the stimulus.
Describe he differences between hypo, hyper and isotonic solutions
An isotonic solution is where solutes outside and inside the cell is equal so water enters the cell and out the same rate.
An hypotonic solution is where there is a lot of solutes inside the cell and the water moves into the cell and the cell may burst
Hypertonic solution is where solutes are outside the cell and water moves outside as well making the cell shrivel.
List four areas to inoculate an egg
Chorioallantoic membrane, amniotic membrane allantoic membrane and yolk sac.
Six steps of viral replication
Attachment to cell membrane
Penetration by endocytosis
Uncoating by protease for capsid
The biosynthesis occurs and produces proteins
Capsid protiens assemble
And release happens by budding off or coming out and infect other cells.
What are the eight characteristics of life
DNA, order, regulation, energy processing, reproduction, growth and development, evolutionary adaptation and response to environment.
Viruses do not have energy processing, response to environment, growth and development
Give examples of enveloped viruses
Herpesviridae
Filoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Flavivirdae Hepititis c
Describe how retrovirus replicates
It had two identical RNA strands. It attached
